The effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin treatment for sialorrhea due to severe brain injury.

Introduction: Sialorrhea may be a consequence of severe acquired brain injury (ABI). Salivary gland botulinum neurotoxin (SG-BoNT) injections can reduce saliva production, but there is limited evidence for their use in ABI.We reviewed the effectiveness, impact on chest infection frequency, and safety of SG-BoNT for sialorrhea in a cohort of patients with severe ABI.

Macropinocytosis controls metabolic stress-driven CAF subtype identity in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumors are deficient in glutamine, an amino acid that tumor cells and CAFs use to sustain their fitness. In PDAC, both cell types stimulate macropinocytosis as an adaptive response to glutamine depletion. CAFs play a critical role in sculpting the tumor microenvironment, yet how adaptations to metabolic stress impact the stromal architecture remains elusive.

A Rare Transverse Colon Hiatal Herniation as a Complication of an Esophagectomy.

Hiatal herniations involving the transverse colon are a rare condition. This case study explores the hiatal herniation of the transverse colon as a complication of an esophagectomy through the prosection findings of a 91-year-old male anatomical donor ("donor") who had a documented esophagectomy procedure due to esophageal adenocarcinoma. A thorough dissection of the abdomen and thorax confirmed that a large portion of the esophagus was removed during an esophagectomy, and the remaining cervical portion was reconnected to the stomach in the posterior mediastinum of the thoracic cavity.

Research for all: building a diverse researcher community for the All of Us Research Program.

Objectives: The NIH All of Us Research Program (All of Us) is engaging a diverse community of more than 10 000 registered researchers using a robust engagement ecosystem model. We describe strategies used to build an ecosystem that attracts and supports a diverse and inclusive researcher community to use the All of Us dataset and provide metrics on All of Us researcher usage growth.

Materials And Methods: Researcher audiences and diversity categories were defined to guide a strategy.

Mobile apps for diabetes self-management: An updated review of app features and effectiveness.

Self-management of diabetes is extremely challenging and non-adherence is common. Health consequences are significant for those unable to adhere to the complex treatment regimen, which includes regular oral medication and/or insulin use, frequent blood sugar checks, strict dietary management, and regular physical activity. Mobile applications (apps) present a tremendous opportunity to help patients improve adherence to these behaviors.

Alkyne-rich patchy polymer colloids prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization.

While free radical polymerization methods are employed frequently to prepare sub-micron polymer particles, we hypothesized that surfactant-free emulsion polymerization (SFEP) methodology may prove beneficial for obtaining functional polymer particles by solution polymerization methods that preclude the need for conventional surfactants. To test the effectiveness of SFEP for the preparation of functional colloids, solution polymerization of several monomers, including propargyl acrylate (PA), styrene (Sty) and tert-butyl acrylate (t-BA), was performed over a range of monomer ratios and reaction scales. Electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the outcome of SFEP for particle size, shape, surface anisotropy, and chemical composition.

A Community-Informed Maternal and Infant Health Needs Assessment in Alabama.

Background: Maternal mortality is a global clinical and public health crisis. Researchers and leading organizations have highlighted the need for local partnerships to implement evidence-based strategies to mitigate poor outcomes. Alabama has the third highest maternal mortality rate in the nation.

The impact of delays in transfer to specialist rehabilitation on outcomes in patients with acquired brain injury.

Objective: To determine the effect of time waiting for admission to inpatient neurorehabilitation following acquired brain injury on rehabilitation outcomes.

Design: A retrospective observational case series.

Setting: A specialist brain injury inpatient rehabilitation service.

New millimeter-wave diagnostics to locally probe internal density and magnetic field fluctuations in National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade (invited).

A set of new millimeter-wave diagnostics will deliver unique measurement capabilities for National Spherical Torus Experiment-Upgrade to address a variety of plasma instabilities believed to be important in determining thermal and particle transport, such as micro-tearing, global Alfvén eigenmodes, kinetic ballooning, trapped electron, and electron temperature gradient modes. These diagnostics include a new integrated intermediate-k Doppler backscattering (DBS) and cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system (four channels, 82.5-87 GHz) to measure density and magnetic fluctuations, respectively.

Acousto-optic-based time domain electric field sensor for magnetic resonance imaging applications.

An acousto-optic (AO)-based electric field sensor is presented for time domain measurement under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A fully MR-compatible sensor is designed and fabricated using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating mechanically coupled to a piezoelectric transducer. Mechanical resonance of the piezoelectric transducer is matched to the operating frequencies of commonly used MRI systems to increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

Compartmentalized mitochondrial ferroptosis converges with optineurin-mediated mitophagy to impact airway epithelial cell phenotypes and asthma outcomes.

A stable mitochondrial pool is crucial for healthy cell function and survival. Altered redox biology can adversely affect mitochondria through induction of a variety of cell death and survival pathways, yet the understanding of mitochondria and their dysfunction in primary human cells and in specific disease states, including asthma, is modest. Ferroptosis is traditionally considered an iron dependent, hydroperoxy-phospholipid executed process, which induces cytosolic and mitochondrial damage to drive programmed cell death.

Bound star clusters observed in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang.

The Cosmic Gems arc is among the brightest and highly magnified galaxies observed at redshift z ≈ 10.2 (ref. ).

Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy negatives and Duffy positives from community and health centre collections in Ethiopia.

Background: Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia with an estimated 3.8 million cases in 2021 and 61% of the population living in areas at risk of malaria transmission. Throughout the country Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic, and Duffy expression is highly heterogeneous.

Creating an Integrated Coaching Culture in Higher Education.

In higher education, it is a common ask to do more with less while delivering high-quality, holistic service to students. Coaching has been shown to produce significant gains in strengthening self-efficacy, improving GPA, and increasing retention through graduation (Alzen et al., 2021; Capstick et al.

Ultrasound Incorporation in Gross Anatomy Labs in a Master of Medical Sciences Program: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Student Performance and Perception.

Objectives: Teaching ultrasound imaging is on the rise in undergraduate medical anatomy education. However, there is little research exploring the use of ultrasound in preparatory graduate programs. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of ultrasound imaging inclusion in a graduate gross anatomy course.

Cell cycle specific, differentially tagged ribosomal proteins to measure phase specific transcriptomes from asynchronously cycling cells.

Asynchronously cycling cells pose a challenge to the accurate characterization of phase-specific gene expression. Current strategies, including RNAseq, survey the steady state gene expression across the cell cycle and are inherently limited by their inability to resolve dynamic gene regulatory networks. Single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) can identify different cell cycle transcriptomes if enough cycling cells are present, however some cells are not amenable to scRNAseq.