INTRAVITREAL DEXAMETHASONE FOR THE TREATMENT OF MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE TOXICITY.

Purpose: Cystoid macular edema is a vision-threatening complication infrequently associated with hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity. There are limited data on the best treatment for this pathology.

Methods: A retrospective case series is presented.

Prevalence of Retinal Diseases and Associated Risk Factors in an African Population From Mwanza, Tanzania.

Background And Objective: To determine the prevalence of retinal disease among a population in Mwanza, Tanzania, and to identify relevant risk factors for retinal disorders in this cohort.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania, among patients older than 18 years. Participants completed a demographics survey and underwent an ophthalmic examination that included fundus photography.

Ocular ultrasound versus MRI in the detection of extrascleral extension in a patient with choroidal melanoma.

Background: To describe the superiority of ocular ultrasound in the diagnostic management of extrascleral extension in choroidal melanoma.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 94-year-old male with choroidal melanoma of the right eye imaged with MRI and ocular ultrasound to aid in the detection of extrascleral extension.

Conclusions: With advancement in technology and new imaging modalities emerging, it can become difficult to determine the best diagnostic approach for patients.

Rabbit model of ocular indirect photodynamic therapy using a retinoblastoma xenograft.

Purpose: The goal of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of coupling the indirect ophthalmoscope laser delivery system with the 690 nm wavelength diode laser used to perform photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of retinoblastoma.

Methods: For phase 1, a total of six pigmented rabbits were treated with the indirect laser delivery system. The laser source was provided by the Lumenis Opal 690 nm laser unit, delivered through a 810 nm Indirect ophthalmoscope headpiece and a hand-held 28-diopter indirect lens (1.

Three presentations of CNS disease in patients with intraocular retinoblastoma at a tertiary medical center in the United States.

Background: Patients with intraocular retinoblastoma who present with central nervous (CNS) disease at diagnosis is very rare in developed countries.

Methods: Herein, we report a review of patients with intraocular retinoblastoma diagnosed with concurrent CNS disease in the United States between January 2011 and June 2013.

Results: Three patients were identified in this review.

Orbital Recurrence following Aggressive Laser Treatment for Recurrent Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To report a case of a 29-month-old male with familial, bilateral retinoblastoma with orbital recurrence following aggressive laser treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective case report of a single patient.

Results: A 3-week-old male was diagnosed with familial, bilateral retinoblastoma (group D OD, group A OS), and treated with 6 cycles of systemic chemotherapy and laser treatment.

Endothelial Keratoplasty Safety-Basket Suture for Management of Difficult Cases.

Purpose: To describe a novel technique of a safety-basket for management of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty in eyes with defects of the lens-iris diaphragm, postvitrectomized eyes, eyes with previous glaucoma tube-shunt or trabeculectomy, or when the patient cannot lie supine.

Methods: The safety-basket suture is placed after the endothelial graft has been positioned under air and all wounds have been closed. Double-armed 10-0 polypropylene suture on a curved needle is passed under the graft in a single-running fashion, a modification of the Masket technique used as a safety suture in the management of malpositioned intraocular lenses.

Retrospective Review of Ocular Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Detection of Retinal Detachment.

Introduction: Retinal detachment is an ocular emergency that commonly presents to the emergency department (ED). Ophthalmologists are able to accurately make this diagnosis with a dilated fundoscopic exam, scleral depression or ophthalmic ultrasound when a view to the retina is obstructed. Emergency physicians (EPs) are not trained to examine the peripheral retina, and thus ophthalmic ultrasound can be used to aid in diagnosis.

Case report: imaging and treatment of ophthalmic manifestations in oculodentodigital dysplasia.

Background: Diagnostic and surgical management of severe chronic angle- closure glaucoma secondary to ciliary body cysts can be difficult to manage in a patient with oculodentodigital dysplasia.

Case Presentation: A 6-year old girl with oculodentodigital dysplasia, with progressive chronic angle- closure glaucoma secondary to ciliary body cysts presented to our clinic. The initial examination revealed counting fingers vision in the left eye.

Ultrasound diagnosis of malaria: examination of the spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter.

Background: Over 90% of all cases of malaria worldwide occur in Africa. Current methods of diagnosis are time and labor intensive, and could lead to delayed treatment.

Methods: In this study we investigated the effectiveness of measurements of spleen, liver, and optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in identifying patients with malaria or severe malaria through the use of hand-held ultrasound devices.

An evolutionarily conserved program of B-cell development and activation in zebrafish.

Teleost fish are among the most ancient vertebrates possessing an adaptive immune system with B and T lymphocytes that produce memory responses to pathogens. Most bony fish, however, have only 2 types of B lymphocytes, in contrast to the 4 types available to mammals. To better understand the evolution of adaptive immunity, we generated transgenic zebrafish in which the major immunoglobulin M (IgM(+)) B-cell subset expresses green fluorescence protein (GFP) (IgM1:eGFP).