Continental influx and pervasive matrilocality in Iron Age Britain.

Roman writers found the relative empowerment of Celtic women remarkable. In southern Britain, the Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried women with substantial grave goods. Here we analyse 57 ancient genomes from Durotrigian burial sites and find an extended kin group centred around a single maternal lineage, with unrelated (presumably inward migrating) burials being predominantly male.

SARS-CoV-2 introductions to the island of Ireland: a phylogenetic and geospatiotemporal study of infection dynamics.

Background: Ireland's COVID-19 response combined extensive SARS-CoV-2 testing to estimate incidence, with whole genome sequencing (WGS) for genome surveillance. As an island with two political jurisdictions-Northern Ireland (NI) and Republic of Ireland (RoI)-and access to detailed passenger travel data, Ireland provides a unique setting to study virus introductions and evaluate public health measures. Using a substantial Irish genomic dataset alongside global data from GISAID, this study aimed to trace the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 across the island.

Clinical and Biomarker Determinants for Recurrent Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Despite effective secondary prevention, including oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy, the risk of recurrent stroke (RS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains substantial with an annualized risk of 3.2%-6.5% per year.

Analysis of The 2024 ESC/EACTS Guidelines For The Management Of Atrial Fibrillation.

The 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for atrial fibrillation (AF) emphasize a patient-centered approach to management, structured around the AF-CARE pathway: Comorbidity and risk factor management (C), Avoiding stroke and thromboembolism (A), Reducing symptoms through rate and rhythm control (R), and Evaluation and dynamic reassessment (E). This framework ensures that comorbidities such as hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, and obesity are effectively managed to prevent disease progression and improve outcomes. A key principle of the guidelines is shared decision making involving patients, families, caregivers, and healthcare teams to ensure individualized care that reflects patient preferences.

RENEWED: A follow-up study of the opicinumab phase 2 RENEW study in participants with acute optic neuritis.

Background: The randomized, phase 2 RENEW trial (NCT01721161) evaluated efficacy/safety of opicinumab (anti-LINGO-1) versus placebo in patients with first-episode unilateral acute optic neuritis (AON). Although no significant differences in the latency recovery of visual evoked potential (VEP) were observed between opicinumab and placebo groups in the intention to treat (ITT) population, the prespecified per-protocol (PP) population showed better recovery with opicinumab than with placebo. RENEWED (NCT02657915) was a one-visit, follow-up study 2 years after the last RENEW study visit (Week 32) designed to assess the long-term electrophysiological and clinical outcomes for participants previously enrolled and having received study treatment in RENEW.

Home Use Therapies for Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Military Service Members with a Musculoskeletal Injury: An Updated Systematic Review Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Musculoskeletal (MSK) injury can negatively affect service members by compromising job performance and readiness. These injuries can impact the service member's physical health, functional abilities, and quality of life (QoL). Rehabilitation therapies for MSK injuries can reduce these impacts.

Supramolecular arrangements in human amyloid tissues using SAXS.

Amyloid diseases are characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates in human tissues, pose significant challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Protein aggregations known as amyloids are linked to several neurodegenerative conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and systemic amyloidosis. The key goal of this research is to employ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) to examine the supramolecular structures of amyloid aggregates in human tissues.

A pilot randomized clinical trial of a smartphone-based application to support at-home PSA screening and culturally tailored prostate cancer education for African American men: A study protocol.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in Black/African American men (AA) and the second‑leading cause of cancer-related deaths. A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test is an early detection screening tool for prostate cancer, but uptake of PSA screening remains low among AA men. Greater PSA screening rates among AA men, coupled with earlier treatment, may reduce disparities in prostate cancer outcomes, including mortality.

South-to-south collaboration to strengthen the health workforce: the case of paediatric cardiac surgery in Rwanda.

Paediatric cardiovascular diseases have been referred to as diseases of injustice as access to care is inequitable globally. For example, Africa only has 78 cardiac centres, with 22 located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Most of these centres rely on visiting surgical teams to provide clinical care.

Elements Supporting Translation of Evidence Into Practice: A Model for Clinical Nurse Specialist and Nurse Scientist Collaboration.

Purpose/objectives: To present evidence-based elements supporting the synergistic relationship between nurse scientists and clinical nurse specialists to improve the translation of evidence into practice.

Description Of The Project/program: Using best-practice elements to support the improvement of evidence-based translation, we define the roles and synergies between nurse scientists and clinical nurse specialists within clinical environments.

Outcome: Five themes were identified in the literature review:● Although clinical nurse specialists and nurse scientists differ in focus and competencies, they are in key positions to collaborate to meet healthcare demands.

Identifying, quantifying, and mitigating background with the time-resolved x-ray diffraction platform at the National Ignition Facility.

The time-resolved x-ray diffraction platform at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) fields electronic sensors closer to the exploding laser-driven target than any other NIF diagnostic in order to directly detect diffracted x rays from highly compressed materials. We document strategies to characterize and mitigate the unacceptably high background signals observed in this geometry. We specifically assess the possible effects of electromagnetic pulse, x-ray fluorescence, hot electrons, and sensor-specific non-x-ray artifacts.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH): the evolution of a global health and development sector.

Despite some progress, universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) by 2030-a remit of Sustainable Development Goal 6-remains a distant prospect in many countries. Policy-makers and implementers of the WASH sector are challenged to track a new path. This research aimed to identify core orienting themes of the sector, as legacies of past processes, which can provide insights for its future.

Time resolved x-ray diffraction using the flexible imaging diffraction diagnostic for laser experiments (FIDDLE) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF): Preliminary assessment of diffraction precision.

The Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments (FIDDLE) is a new diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) designed to observe in situ solid-solid phase changes at high pressures using time resolved x-ray diffraction. FIDDLE currently incorporates five Icarus ultrafast x-ray imager sensors that take 2 ns snapshots and can be tuned to collect X-rays for tens of ns. The platform utilizes the laser power at NIF for both the laser drive and the generation of 10 keV X-rays for ∼10 ns using a Ge backlighter foil.

Developing time-resolved x-ray diffraction diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (invited).

As part of a program to measure phase transition timescales in materials under dynamic compression, we have designed new x-ray imaging diagnostics to record multiple x-ray diffraction measurements during a single laser-driven experiment. Our design places several ns-gated hybrid CMOS (hCMOS) sensors within a few cm of a laser-driven target. The sensors must be protected from an extremely harsh environment, including debris, electromagnetic pulses, and unconverted laser light.

The fitness cost of spurious phosphorylation.

The fidelity of signal transduction requires the binding of regulatory molecules to their cognate targets. However, the crowded cell interior risks off-target interactions between proteins that are functionally unrelated. How such off-target interactions impact fitness is not generally known.

Radionuclides transfer from soil-to-tea leaves and concomitant doses to the Malaysian populace.

One of the most well-liked energizing drinks is now tea, which is primarily used in Malaysia. The natural radioactivity in the associated soils where tea plants are cultivated plays a major role in determining the presence of radionuclides in tea leaves. The present study assesses the transfer of radionuclides from soil-to-tea leaves and then estimates the committed effective doses through tea consumption.

Evaluation of TOPAS MC tool performance in optical photon transport and radioluminescence-based dosimetry.

Radiation therapy plays a pivotal role in modern cancer treatment, demanding precise and accurate dose delivery to tumor sites while minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissues. Monte Carlo simulations have emerged as indispensable tools for achieving this precision, offering detailed insights into radiation transport and interaction at the subatomic level. As the use of scintillation and luminescence dosimetry becomes increasingly prevalent in radiation therapy, there arises a need for validated Monte Carlo tools tailored to optical photon transport applications.

Marine Fish Movement: home range sizes for commercially relevant species.

Estimates of home range sizes for marine fishes are essential for designing and assessing the effects of spatial wildlife conservation policies and management interventions. However, in situ studies of marine species movement are challenging and often expensive, resulting in a paucity of data on the home range size of the vast majority of marine fishes. Here, we develop a set of new datasets, which we have collectively named Marine Fish Movement, that synthesises published empirically evaluated home ranges reported for adult marine fishes that interact with fisheries and leverage these data to estimate home range sizes for unstudied species.

Exploring the thermoluminescence characteristics of smartphone screen safety glasses for retrospective dosimetry applications.

In clinical settings, standard dosimeters might miss radiation mishaps. Retrospective dosimeters could help to track personnel (such as patients and other staff who don't wear dosimeters) exceeding safe limits and assess long-term exposure trends. This study has investigated key thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric characteristics, including the glow curve structure, dose-response, energy dependence, sensitivity and fading of various safety glasses that are used as screen protectors of smartphones subjected to photon irradiation.

Ipatasertib plus Paclitaxel for Patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-Altered Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the IPATunity130 Phase III Trial.

Purpose: In the randomized phase II LOTUS trial, combining ipatasertib with first-line paclitaxel for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) improved progression-free survival (PFS), particularly in patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-altered tumors. We aimed to validate these findings in a biomarker-selected TNBC population.

Patients And Methods: In Cohort A of the randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III IPATunity130 trial, taxane-eligible patients with PIK3CA/AKT1/PTEN-altered measurable advanced TNBC and no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease were randomized 2:1 to ipatasertib (400 mg, days 1-21) or placebo, both plus paclitaxel (80 mg/m2, days 1, 8, and 15), every 28 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Electrical design of the flexible imaging diffraction diagnostic for laser experiments (FIDDLE) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF)-Requirements, design, and performance.

The Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments (FIDDLE) is a newly developed diagnostic for imaging time resolved diffraction in experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). It builds on the successes of its predecessor, the Gated Diffraction Development Diagnostic (G3D). The FIDDLE was designed to support eight Daedalus version 2 sensors (six more hCMOS sensors than any other hCMOS-based diagnostic in NIF to date) and an integrated streak camera.

Psychological and psychosocial determinants of COVID related face covering behaviours: A systematic review.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in illness, deaths and societal disruption on a global scale. Societies have implemented various control measures to reduce transmission of the virus and mitigate its impact. Individual behavioural changes are crucial to the successful implementation of these measures.