Quantitative detection of pre-ovulatory luteinizing hormone surges in urine using the microfluidic vertical agitation approach.

Identifying the time of ovulation is an important process for women seeking and avoiding pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays an important role in ovulation, which is very important in the reproductive mechanism. Therefore, detecting the LH level is of great importance in monitoring ovulation.

A precise and rapid early pregnancy test: Development of a novel and fully automated electrochemical point-of-care biosensor for human urine samples.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone secreted from the placenta, is an important biomarker for pregnancy. In this study, we designed a precise, rapid and fully automatic device with an electrochemical point-of-care biosensor capable of quantitative hCG detection from human urine samples for early pregnancy detection. Gold and Ag/AgCl electrodes, whose structure with optimum isopotential region and current density, were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics® software and custom-made from Flex Medical.