Patient navigation for pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder: Results of a randomized multi-site pilot trial.

Background And Aims: Patient navigation (PN) may benefit pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) by improving treatment adherence. We examined participant enrollment, session delivery and assessment feasibility for a PN intervention among pregnant participants and compared PN preliminary effectiveness for OUD treatment engagement with participants in usual care (UC).

Design: This study was a pilot single-blinded multi-site randomized trial.

Cluster analysis to identify patient profiles and substance use patterns among pregnant persons with opioid use disorder.

The study objective was to identify distinct profiles of pregnant persons with opioid use disorder (PP-OUD) using cluster analysis and examine difference in substance use patterns between profiles. We examined data from 104 PP-OUD ≤ 32 weeks of gestation who were recruited into a behavioral health clinical trial at two academic medical centers. We used Partitioning Around Medoids analysis to identify clusters and explored patterns of substance use and substance use treatment between clusters using bivariate statistical tests and regression methods.

Effectiveness of Residential Treatment for Juveniles with Problematic Sexual Behavior: A Systematic Review.

Juveniles with problematic sexual behaviors are often placed in residential treatment. However, little is known about the effectiveness of such treatments in terms of reducing recidivism or enhancing mental wellbeing. To better understand the impact of residential treatment for these juveniles we conducted a Systematic Review on studies that reported recidivism rates.

Group Homes and COVID-19: Perspectives of Youth Residents, Staff, and Caregivers.

Objective: This study explored the perspectives of being in a youth group home during the COVID-19 pandemic from youth residents, staff, and caregivers.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 9 youth residents, 8 group home staff members, and 13 caregivers of residents. All participants were connected to the group home before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mindfulness and Savoring: A Commentary on Savoring Strategies and Their Implications for Addiction Treatment.

A central facet of the popular understanding of mindfulness practice is the non-judgmental observation of all thoughts and feelings. Savoring is a cognitive practice developed out of economics and positive psychology, which involves the conscious mental engagement with positively-valenced interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli, which in turn amplifies the derived pleasure experience. When incorporated into mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), savoring holds promise in improving outcomes related to reward processing, such as positive affect and well-being.

Pregnancy and the Opioid Crisis: Heightened Effects of COVID-19.

The opioid epidemic continues to affect pregnant women with opioid use disorder adversely in unique and enduring ways. The onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the necessary public health measures implemented to slow the transmission have increased barriers to care for these same women. This commentary explores the implications of these measures and discusses strategies we have developed to manage these challenges based on our work in a clinical trial providing patient navigation to pregnant mothers with OUD.

Sexual Assault Prevention: A Randomized Control Trial of a Standard Military Intervention and a Motivational Interview Enhancement.

Despite increased efforts to prevent sexual assault in military environments, the problem continues at an alarming rate. Sexual assault prevention programs (SAPP) attempt to respond to this issue, yet little is known about their effectiveness within a military environment. This randomized controlled trial examined the potential efficacy of the 2015 United States Air Force (USAF) SAPP compared to that same program with an additional motivational interviewing (MI) enhancement.

A pilot multisite study of patient navigation for pregnant women with opioid use disorder.

The opioid crisis continues to affect pregnant and postpartum women the United States, with the number of pregnant women diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) quadrupling over the last decade. The associated increase in morbidity and mortality among mother and baby warrants prompt, targeted intervention efforts that improve engagement, linkage of care, and treatment retention. Patient navigation (PN) is a chronic care intervention that can directly address this need by helping women identify medical, behavioral, and psychosocial care goals.

Motivational interviewing adherence tools: A scoping review investigating content validity.

Objective: We sought to understand the content validity of Motivational Interviewing (MI)as a concept and the relative emphasis of specific MI aspects by assessing MI adherence measures.

Method: We followed PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Twenty-eight adherence measures were identified.

Sexual Assault Prevention Efforts in the U.S. Air Force: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis.

The issue of sexual assault in the U.S. military is problematic and prevalent.

Short-Term Interventions for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts millions of adults and children every year and can result in homicide, legal proceedings, the involvement of child welfare, and the need for emergency shelter for survivors and their families. Survivors of IPV may develop psychological and somatic symptoms to the trauma, including anxiety, depression, and other mental health related disorders in addition to facing numerous safety, financial, and social challenges. To reestablish stability, effective short-term interventions are needed in order to address these issues survivors face.

Motivational interviewing in medical care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a method for encouraging people to make behavioral changes to improve health outcomes. We used systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate MI's efficacy in medical care settings.

Methods: Database searches located randomized clinical trials that compared MI to comparison conditions and isolated the unique effect of MI within medical care settings.

The effectiveness and applicability of motivational interviewing: a practice-friendly review of four meta-analyses.

This article reviews the research support for Motivational interviewing (MI) so that practitioners can make informed decisions about the value and applicability of MI in their clinical work. We highlight the evidence from the three published meta-analyses of MI and a recent meta-analysis that we completed. MI is significantly (10%-20%) more effective than no treatment and generally equal to other viable treatments for a wide variety of problems ranging from substance use (alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and other drugs) to reducing risky behaviors and increasing client engagement in treatment.

A meta-analysis of parent training: moderators and follow-up effects.

A meta-analysis of 63 peer-reviewed studies evaluated the ability of parent training programs to modify disruptive child behaviors and parental behavior and perceptions. This analysis extends previous work by directly comparing behavioral and nonbehavioral programs, evaluating follow-up effects, isolating dependent variables expressly targeted by parent training, and examining moderators. Effects immediately following treatment for behavioral and nonbehavioral programs were small to moderate.

Interpretations of child compliance in individuals at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse.

Objective: Our studies compared individuals at high- and low-risk for child physical abuse on measures of social information processing.

Method: Two studies were conducted using similar methods. Twenty-eight childless women in Study 1 and 36 mothers in Study 2 read vignettes of parent-child interactions in which the child's level of compliance was difficult to interpret.