PET/CT acceptance testing and quality assurance: Executive summary of AAPM Task Group 126 Report.

Purpose: A Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography quality assurance program is necessary to ensure that patients receive optimal imaging and care. We summarize the AAPM Task Group (TG) 126 report on acceptance and quality assurance (QA) testing of PET/CT systems.

Methods: TG 126 was charged with developing PET/CT acceptance testing and QA procedures.

C-Choline PET/CT for Detection and Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of C-choline PET/CT for the detection of parathyroid adenomas by retrospectively reviewing a large patient population.

Materials And Methods: In this single-institution retrospective study, 7088 C-choline PET/CT scans performed of 2933 men with prostate cancer from January 2005 through February 2016 were evaluated. Patients with suspected parathyroid adenomas were identified through a review of the electronic medical record and relevant imaging.

Technical Note: Rod phantom analysis for comparison of PET detector sampling and reconstruction methods.

Purpose: This investigation aimed to develop a scanner quantification performance methodology and compare multiple metrics between two scanners under different imaging conditions. Most PET scanners are designed to work over a wide dynamic range of patient imaging conditions. Clinical constraints, however, often impact the realization of the entitlement performance for a particular scanner design.

Biopsy validation of 18F-DOPA PET and biodistribution in gliomas for neurosurgical planning and radiotherapy target delineation: results of a prospective pilot study.

Background: Delineation of glioma extent for surgical or radiotherapy planning is routinely based on MRI. There is increasing awareness that contrast enhancement on T1-weighted images (T1-CE) may not reflect the entire extent of disease. The amino acid tracer (18)F-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F] fluoro-l-phenylalanine) has a high tumor-to-background signal and high sensitivity for glioma imaging.

NEMA NU 2-2007 performance measurements of the Siemens Inveon preclinical small animal PET system.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2007 performance measurements were conducted on the Inveon preclinical small animal PET system developed by Siemens Medical Solutions. The scanner uses 1.51 x 1.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy upregulates cardiac autonomic control.

Objective: To determine the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on sympathetic nervous function in heart failure (HF).

Background: Neurohormonal dysregulation and cardiac autonomic dysfunction are associated with HF and contribute to HF progression and its poor prognosis. We hypothesized that mechanical resynchronization improves cardiac sympathetic function in HF.

Using fluorodeoxythymidine to monitor anti-EGFR inhibitor therapy in squamous cell carcinoma xenografts.

Background: 3'-18F-fluoro-3'-deoxy-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT), a nucleoside analog, could monitor effects of molecularly targeted therapeutics on tumor proliferation.

Methods: We tested whether (18)F-FLT positron emission tomography (PET) uptake changes are associated with antitumor effects of erlotinib in A431 xenografts or cetuximab in SCC1 xenografts.

Results: Compared with pretreatment FLT PET scans, 3 days of erlotinib in A431 reduced the standardized uptake value (SUV) by 18%, whereas placebo increased SUV by 1% (p = .

Effects of simultaneous and optimized sequential cardiac resynchronization therapy on myocardial oxidative metabolism and efficiency.

Introduction: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) can improve left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and function. Recent data suggest the energy cost of such improvement is favorable. The effects of sequential CRT on myocardial oxidative metabolism (MVO(2)) and efficiency have not been previously assessed.

Dynamic tracking during intracoronary injection of 18F-FDG-labeled progenitor cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction.

Unlabelled: We assessed the feasibility of dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) PET/CT tracking of (18)F-FDG-labeled circulating progenitor cell (CPC) therapy during intracoronary injection, using a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Human and porcine CPC were radiolabeled with (18)F-FDG, with variation in temperature and incubation time to determine optimal conditions. For in vivo experiments, CPC were harvested before induction of infarction (using 90-min coronary balloon occlusion).

NEMA NU 2-2001 performance measurements of an LYSO-based PET/CT system in 2D and 3D acquisition modes.

Unlabelled: The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU 2-2001 performance measurements were conducted on the Discovery RX, a whole-body PET/CT system under development by GE Healthcare. The PET scanner uses 4.2 x 6.

Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography: basic instrumentation and innovations.

Correlation of the anatomical and functional information presented by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) can aid in the decision-making process by enabling better localization and definition of organs and lesions and improving the precision of surgical biopsies. Technical developments over the past 20 years have led to the development of better software techniques for image fusion and, more recently, to the development of modern SPECT/CT systems. While image fusion techniques have been in clinical use for many years, the first commercial SPECT/CT system was only developed in 1999.

Reproducibility of measurements of regional myocardial blood flow in a model of coronary artery disease: Comparison of H215O and 13NH3 PET techniques.

Unlabelled: PET absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) with H(2)15O and 13NH3 are widely used in clinical and research settings. However, their reproducibility with a 16-myocardial segment model has not been examined in chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the short-term reproducibility of PET H(2)15O MBF and PET 13NH3 MBF in an animal model of chronic CAD.

Combined I-124 positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of NIS gene expression in animal models of stably transfected and intravenously transfected tumor.

Purpose: With the advent of replication competent viruses for cancer gene therapy, it has become imperative to monitor the biodistribution, expression and replication of these vectors in living organisms. We evaluated the potential of I-124 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging in gene therapy animal models utilizing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) and compared the findings to I-123 gamma camera imaging.

Procedures: CB17 SCID mice were implanted with myeloma cell lines expressing NIS or infected by MV-NIS given systemically.