Determinants of late metastases in renal cell carcinoma.

The mechanisms underlying metastatic latency in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain poorly understood. This study evaluated two large independent cohorts for differences in tumor biology between patients who developed metastases early (≤1 year after nephrectomy) and those with late-onset (>3 years). In the discovery cohort (n = 161), late-metastatic RCC (late-mRCC) was associated with clear cell histology (88.

Validation of Gene Expression Signatures to Identify Low-risk Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients at Higher Risk for Disease-related Death.

Background: Approximately 5-10% of patients with "low-risk" clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), as stratified by externally validated clinicopathologic prognostic algorithms, eventually have disease relapse and die. Improving prognostic algorithms for these low-risk patients could help to provide improved individualized surveillance recommendations.

Objective: To identify genes that are differentially expressed in patients with low-risk ccRCC who did and did not die of their disease.