Effects of Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Reactivity in Individuals with High Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Preliminary Trial.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as an early modification involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Evidence suggests that the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with endothelial function improvement and, in turn, plays an important role in atherosclerosis development and progression.

Objectives: To evaluate both acute and sustained effects of the MD on endothelial function in patients with high cardiometabolic risk.

Flavor and taste recognition impairments in people with type 1 diabetes.

Background/objectives: Adherence to dietary recommendations is a critical component in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Taste and flavor significantly influence food choices. The aim of this study was to investigate taste sensitivity and flavor recognition ability in adults with T1D compared to healthy individuals.

Postprandial Glucose Control With Different Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems According to Type of Meal in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Hybrid Closed-Loop Systems (HCLs) may not perform optimally on postprandial glucose control. We evaluated how first-generation and advanced HCLs manage meals varying in carbohydrates, fat, and protein.

Method: According to a cross-sectional design, seven-day food records and HCLs reports from 120 adults with type 1 diabetes (MiniMed670G: n = 40, MiniMed780G: n = 49, Control-IQ [C-IQ]: n = 31) were analyzed.

Eating habits and sleep quality in individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous glucose monitoring and insulin pump.

Background And Aims: Sleep disorders are bidirectionally linked with eating behaviors and glucose metabolism, which could be clinically relevant in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the relationship between dietary habits and sleep quality in individuals with T1D on insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Methods And Results: In a cross-sectional study, dietary habits (7-day food diary, EPIC questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire) were assessed in 59 men and 58 women with T1D, aged 19-79 years, using CGM and insulin pump.

Clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction in adults with type 2 diabetes identify those with worse lipidomic profile despite similar glycaemic control.

Aims: To investigate clusters of adipose tissue dysfunction, that is, with adipose tissue insulin resistance (ADIPO-IR) and large waist circumference (WC), identify a worse lipidomic profile characterised by a high proportion of lipids rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA).

Materials And Methods: Hierarchical clustering based on WC and ADIPO-IR (calculated as fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids times fasting plasma insulin, FFA×INS), was performed in 192 adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with metformin (HbA1c = 7.8%).

Blood glucose control and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) may have distinctive pathophysiological features in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We evaluated the independent role of blood glucose control on MASLD in T1D.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study on 659 T1D adult patients, MASLD was assessed by the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI).

Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses.

Methods: We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals.

Delayed prandial insulin boluses are an important determinant of blood glucose control and relate to fear of hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes on advanced technologies.

Aims: Automated insulin delivery systems improve blood glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, optimizing their performance requires patient's proper compliance to meal insulin bolus administration. We explored real-life prevalence of delayed prandial boluses (DBs) in adults with T1D on advanced technologies, and their association with glycemic control and fear of hypoglycemia (FH).

Exploring Nutritional Influence on Blood Glucose Forecasting for Type 1 Diabetes Using Explainable AI.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by insulin deficiency and blood sugar control issues. The state-of-the-art solution is the artificial pancreas (AP), which integrates basal insulin delivery and glucose monitoring. However, APs are unable to manage postprandial glucose response (PGR) due to limited knowledge of its determinants, requiring additional information for accurate bolus delivery, such as estimated carbohydrate intake.

Intrapancreatic fat deposition and nutritional treatment: the role of various dietary approaches.

Ectopic fat accumulation in various organs and tissues, such as the liver, muscle, kidney, heart, and pancreas, is related to impaired capacity of adipose tissue to accumulate triglycerides, as a consequence of overnutrition and an unhealthy lifestyle. Ectopic fat promotes organ dysfunction and is a key factor in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. Interest in intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) has developed in the last few years, particularly in relation to improvement in methodological techniques for detection of fat in the pancreas, and to growing evidence for the role that IPFD might have in glucose metabolism disorders and cardiometabolic disease.

Gut microbiome and blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review.

Objective: The risk of developing micro- and macrovascular complications is higher for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Numerous studies have indicated variations in gut microbial composition between healthy individuals and those with T1D. These changes in the gut ecosystem may lead to inflammation, modifications in intestinal permeability, and alterations in metabolites.

Clinical outcomes of a digitally supported approach for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Self-management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is challenging. Regular self-monitoring of blood glucose and healthy lifestyles are required to improve glycometabolic control, thus delaying diabetes complications, and reducing hospitalizations. Digital technologies can empower patients in their disease management promoting self-management and motivation to change behaviors.

Evaluation of eating habits by 7-day food record: web-PC vs. traditional paper format.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of a web-based 7-day food-record using METADIETA-web link (Meteda s.r.l.

Insulin pump therapy in type 1 diabetes is associated with lower indices of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in non-obese women but not men.

Aim: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a raising concern in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. We evaluated whether multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) may differentially affect NAFLD.

Methods: NAFLD was assessed by Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) in 659 T1D patients treated by MDI (n = 414, 65% men) or CSII (n = 245, 50% men) without alcohol abuse or other liver diseases.

Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population.

Background: The effects of different dietary fatty acids (FA) on cardiovascular risk still needs clarification. Plasma lipids composition may be a biomarker of FA dietary intake.

Purpose: To evaluate in a composite population the relationships between changes in dietary fat intake and changes in FA levels in serum cholesterol esters.

Extract and Polyhexanide (Fitostimoline Hydrogel/Fitostimoline Plus Gauze) versus Saline Gauze Dressing in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The use of dressings is an essential component of the standard of care for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs); however, despite the wide variety of dressings available, there is a lack of evidence from head-to-head randomized controlled trials. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of extract and polyhexanide (Fitostimoline hydrogel/Fitostimoline Plus gauze) versus saline gauze dressings in patients with DFUs.

Methods: This study involved a monocentric, two-arm, open-label, controlled trial in patients with DFUs (Grades I or II, Stage A or C, based on the Texas classification) randomized to 12 weeks of dressing with Fitostimoline hydrogel/Fitostimoline Plus gauze or saline gauze.

Dietary treatment of type 1 diabetes: Beyond carbohydrate counting to fight cardiovascular risk.

Aims: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is tied to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Dietary treatment would be an elective therapeutic strategy to fight this risk. However, it is not known what the best dietary approach is.

Association between Diet Quality and Index of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Large Population of People with Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the TOSCA.IT Study.

Background: There are still open questions with respect to the optimal dietary treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coexisting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study is to investigate, in patients with T2D, the association between NASH, dietary component intake, food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 2026 people with T2D (1136 men and 890 women).

Roads Diverged: Developmental Trajectories of Irritability From Toddlerhood Through Adolescence.

Objective: Irritability is a dimensional trait that manifests from early life and is a robust transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology and impairment. A large, national dataset was leveraged to identify and broadly characterize trajectories from toddlerhood through adolescence, which is crucial for timely, targeted interventions.

Method: Data on irritability and a broad array of potential factors affecting irritability development from 4,462 children assessed longitudinally at ages 3, 5, 9, and 15 were included.

Postprandial glucose variability in type 1 diabetes: The individual matters beyond the meal.

Aim: To explore intraindividual (between-meals) and interindividual (between-subjects) variability of postprandial glucose response (PGR) in type 1 diabetes (T1DM).

Methods: Data were taken from five cross-over trials in 61 subjects with T1DM on insulin pump wherein the effects of different dietary components or the intraindividual-variability of PGR to the same meal were evaluated by CGM. Predictors (type of meal or nutrient composition) of early (iAUC), late (iAUC), total (iAUC), and time-course of postprandial blood glucose changes (iAUC) were evaluated using two mixed-effect linear regression models considering the patient's identification number as random-effect.

Circulating short-chain fatty acids in type 2 diabetic patients and overweight/obese individuals.

Aim: aim of the study was to evaluate serum short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight/obese individuals.

Methods: In forty-three patients with T2D and twenty-eight overweight/obese patients SCFA were determined by Gas-Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID).

Results: Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFA were significantly reduced in T2D patients compared to overweight/obese in the unadjusted model.

Performance of 2019 ESC risk classification and the Steno type 1 risk engine in predicting cardiovascular events in adults with type 1 diabetes: A retrospective study.

Aims: The study compares the performance of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk criteria and the Steno Type 1 Risk Engine (ST1RE) in the prediction of cardiovascular (CV) events.

Methods: 456 adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were retrospectively studied. During 8.

An Isoenergetic Multifactorial Diet Reduces Pancreatic Fat and Increases Postprandial Insulin Response in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of an isocaloric multifactorial diet with a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and similar macronutrient composition on pancreatic fat (PF) and postprandial insulin response in type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design And Methods: According to a randomized controlled parallel-group design, 39 individuals with T2D, 35-75 years old, in satisfactory blood glucose control, were assigned to an 8 week isocaloric intervention with a multifactorial diet rich in MUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins (n = 18) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 21). Before/after the intervention, PF content was measured by the proton-density fat fraction using a three-dimensional mDIXON MRI sequence, and plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured over a 4 h test meal with a similar composition as the assigned diet.

Reduction of De Novo Lipogenesis Mediates Beneficial Effects of Isoenergetic Diets on Fatty Liver: Mechanistic Insights from the MEDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Non-alcoholic liver steatosis (NAS) results from an imbalance between hepatic lipid storage, disposal, and partitioning. A multifactorial diet high in fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, and vitamins D, E, and C reduces NAS in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by 40% compared to a MUFA-rich diet. We evaluated whether dietary effects on NAS are mediated by changes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity, and/or β-oxidation.