Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Milk and Dairy Products in Croatia: A Health Risk Assessment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination levels and the frequency of detection of organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates and polychlorinated biphenyls (seven PCB congeners) in a total of 534 samples of cow's, sheep's and goat's milk and dairy products from Croatia. Concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) were measured for fourteen OCPs, nine OPPs, six pyrethroids, one carbamate and PCBs with a total of 172 results, and no concentrations exceeded the maximal residue levels defined by the European Union. The mean concentrations of pesticides and the sum of seven PCBs were determined in the ranges 0.

Distribution of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Food of Animal Origin in Croatia.

Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants. When entering the food chain, they can represent a public health problem due to their negative effects on health. In this study, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates, and PCBs-a total 73 compounds-were determined in a total of 2268 samples of fat tissues (beef, pork, sheep, goat, poultry, game, horse, rabbit) and processed fat, meat, and processed meat products collected in Croatia during an 8-year period.

Seasonal Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk during a Five-Year Period in Croatia: Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment.

This study's objective was to estimate the seasonal occurrence of aflatoxin M (AFM) in cow's milk between winter 2016 and winter 2022 and to assess dietary exposure and risk assessment for the adult Croatian population. In total, 5817 cow milk samples were screened for AFM concentrations using the enzyme immunoassay assay (ELISA). For confirmation purposes of AFM concentration above the European Union maximum permitted level (MRL), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was performed.

The analysis of acidic and basic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in milk and muscle samples: a comprehensive analytical approach using UHPLC-MS/MS.

In animal husbandry for food production, the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agents, has seen an increase due to raised awareness of animal welfare issues. Residues of NSAIDs may be present in animal products that are intended for human consumption, and since some may pose a certain risk to human health, there is a need to monitor NSAID residues at low levels via routine and targeted surveillance. In analytical chemistry, NSAIDs are usually differentiated using their acid-base properties.

Evaluation of Element Concentrations in Beef and Pork Meat Cuts Available to the Population in the Croatian Capital.

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of essential, trace, and toxic elements in beef and pork meat cuts available at markets and retail chains in the Croatian capital. Significant differences in the concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Pb, and Zn were found between bovine cuts ( < 0.01, all) and also between pork cuts ( < 0.

Difference in pesticides, trace metal(loid)s and drug residues between certified organic and conventional honeys from Croatia.

Quality and safety of food, including honey, is one of the leading priorities regarding residues of anthropogenic chemicals with proven adverse health effects. In total, 61 honey samples of known botanical origin were collected in period 2018-2019 from Croatian registered organic and conventional beekeepers (N = 16 organic and N = 45 conventional honey samples). Eleven trace metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn; quantitated by ICP-MS), 24 antibiotics (LC-MS/MS, ELISA, microbiological inhibition test), six indicator PCBs (GC-MS/MS) and 121 pesticides (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS/MS) originating from environment and/or beekeeping practice were measured to assess possible differences in contaminant residues between organic and conventional honeys.

Estimation of the Withdrawal Time of Levamisole in Eggs after Oral Administration to Laying Hens.

This study was conducted to evaluate withdrawal time of levamisole in eggs after oral administration in laying hens at different doses. Sampling of eggs was conducted for 37 days after the end of treatment, and levamisole concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry validated according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Estimated validation parameters were as follows: decision limit, 0.

Essential and toxic element concentrations in monofloral honeys from southern Croatia.

The concentrations of 24 elements in seven honey types (multifloral, heather, common heather, bearberry, sage, mandarin orange-blossom and honeydew) collected in southern Mediterranean regions of Croatia were determined using ICP-MS. Significant differences were found in the concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cu, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Se, Sb, U and Th (p<0.05, all) among honeys.

Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone in muscle, egg, milk and honey.

A quantitative multi-residue method that includes 13 sulfonamides, trimethoprim and dapsone was developed and validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for muscle, milk egg and honey samples. For all matrices, the same extraction procedure was used. Samples were extracted with an acetone/dichloromethane mixture and cleaned up on aromatic sulfonic acid (SO3H) SPE cartridges.

Lead Concentrations in Raw Cow and Goat Milk Collected in Rural Areas of Croatia from 2010 to 2014.

A total of 249 cow and 33 goat milk samples were collected in rural areas of Croatia during the period 2010-2014. Lead concentrations in milk samples were analyzed by graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mean Pb concentrations in milk ranged from (μg/kg): cow 10.

Distribution of sulfamonomethoxine and trimethoprim in egg yolk and white.

The distribution of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) and trimethoprim (TMP) in egg yolk and white was measured during and after administration of a SMM/TMP combination in laying hens in doses of 8 g l(-)(1) and 12 g l(-)(1) in drinking water for 7 days. The SMM concentration reached maximal levels on day 2 of the post-treatment period for both doses (μg kg(-)(1)): 5920 and 9453 in yolk; 4831 and 6050 in white, in doses 1 and 2, respectively. Significant differences in the SMM and TMP concentrations between yolk and white in post treatment period were found.

Deposition and depletion of maduramicin residues in eggs after oral administration to laying hens determined by LC-MS.

The coccidiostat maduramicin has been approved as a feed additive for chickens and turkeys, although it is prohibited for use in laying hens. In the present study, laying hens were divided into three groups and fed for 14 days with medicated feed containing maduramicin, at three different concentrations: 50, 100 and 500 µg kg(-1). Eggs were collected during treatment and for 26 days after the end of feeding with medicated feed.

Feed additives diclazuril and nicarbazin in egg and liver samples from Croatian farms.

In total 307 egg and 275 liver samples were examined for nicarbazin and 365 eggs for diclazuril over a 30-month period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods used for quantification were validated according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Non-compliant samples were confirmed by LC-MS/MS.

Chloramphenicol residues in muscle of rainbow trout following two different dose treatments.

Depletion of chloramphenicol (CAP) in muscle of rainbow trout was evaluated following 4 days of oral administration with two dosages (42 and 84 mg/kg/day). Sampling was conducted during treatment and for 35 days following the end of treatment. Analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Lead content in multifloral honey from central Croatia over a three-year period.

Lead concentrations were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry in multifloral honeys collected in central Croatia (Zagreb County) during a three-year period from 2009 to 2011. The mean levels of elements (μg/kg) in honey samples measured were: 90.8 in 2009, 189 in 2010 and 360 in 2011.

Elimination of chloramphenicol in rainbow trout receiving medicated feed.

Chloramphenicol muscle residue levels in rainbow trout were determined after oral administration of 84 μg kg-1d-1 of chloramphenicol for four days. Samples were taken one day before treatment and for 43 days after the treatment was over. Chloramphenicol was analysed using an in-house enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) validated against the criteria of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.