Glucoprotamin antimicrobial activity against selected standard antibiotic-resistant bacteria and reference strains used in the assessment of disinfection efficacy.

Background: The ability of bacteria to develop common mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants raises doubts about the effectiveness of disinfection processes. Glucoprotamin (GP) is an antimicrobial active substance which is widely used to the disinfection in medical area.

Objective: The aim of study was to compare GP's effectiveness with susceptibility of reference strains used for the evaluation of bactericidal efficacy of disinfectants Staphylococcus aureus (S.

[Significance of efflux pumps in multidrug resistance of Gram-negative bacteria].

The phenomenon of multidrug. resistance of bacteria is a serious problem of modern medicine. This resistance largely is a consequence of abuse and improper use of antibacterial substances, especially antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in hospital settings.

Susceptibility of selected strains used for evaluation of biocidal efficiency of disinfectants and antibiotic-resistant strains to didecyldimethylammonium chloride in 2-propanol.

Introduction: Didecyldimethylammonium chloride is an active substance which is part of variety of formulations used for the disinfection and antisepsis, both in the medical area as well as in the food, industrial and institutional area. Because of the widespread use of this substance and the development of bacterial resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), the aim of this study was determination of the susceptibility of the standard strains used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants and standard antibiotic-resistant strains to didecyldimethylammonium chloride in 2-propanol and its bactericidal activity.

Methods: Susceptibility of standard strains used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-SA; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442-PA) and standard antibiotic-resistant strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300-MRSA; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 47085-PAO-LAC) to CMAP was determined by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBCs).

Effect of adaptation process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to didecyldimethylammonium chloride in 2-propanol on bactericidal efficiency of this active substance.

Background: Microorganisms are characterized by two types of resistance innate and acquired. Innate resistance is associated with the construction of the surface structures. Wide use of active substances as antimicrobial compounds, especially in inhibitory concentrations, may promote the acquisition of bacterial resistance to these substances in the process of adaptation.

Effect of different drying conditions for the viability of Candida albicans present on carriers.

Background: Problems in substantial under recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans from carriers have been demonstrated for laboratories performing phase 2, step 2 efficacy tests on disinfectants relative to levels required by the EN 13697 standard. It was thus necessary to determine recoveries of these microorganisms following procedural losses incurred during drying and to optimise drying conditions such that recoveries then complied with the standard.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish optimal drying conditions for the recovery of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 from carriers.

Recommendations for thermal disinfection based on the A0 concept according to EN ISO 15883.

The use of aseptic instruments for the care of patients is an essential element in the prevention of nosocomial infections. Significant risks have been associated with inadequate or improper cleaning and disinfection of reusable medical devices. Thermal disinfection with moist heat, based on the A0 concept (EN ISO 15883-1), is the most common method for disinfection of medical devices in the hospital setting.

[Significance of the efflux phenomenon as a mechanism of bacterial resistance on active substances of biocide].

Efflux phenomenon induced by the presence of efflux pumps is one of the bacterial resistance mechanisms against active substances ofbiocides. Proteins and protein systems create efflux pumps, which are connected with the cell envelope structure ofbacteria. The efflux pump's function is transportation of active substances of disinfectants outside the bacterial cell.

[Assessment of decontamination processes: cleaning, disinfection and sterilization in dental practice in Poland in the years 2011-2012].

Objective: Effective decontamination of instruments is a key element of infection control and the provision of high quality in dental care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of decontamination procedures including cleaning, disinfection and sterilization of re-usable instruments in dental practices in Poland.

Material And Methods: The efficiency of disinfection and sterilization processes have been evaluated on the results of the questionnaires.

[Waste generated in Polish hospitals during the years 2005 - 2009].

The medical institutions generate mainly municipal and medical waste. The medical waste includes infectious waste, dangerous but not infectious waste (toxic) and medical not dangerous waste. They have to be correctly identified, properly sorted and suitably neutralized.

[Assessment of disinfection and sterilization processes in dental practice as an important factors in prevention of infections].

The dental health-care settings is an environment where disease transmission occurs easily. Prevention of cross infection is therefore a crucial aspect of dental practice and dental clinic stuffmust adopt certain basic routines while practicing. Infections may be transmitted in the dental operatory through direct contact with blood, oral fluids or other secretions; via indirect contact with contaminated instruments, equipment or environmental surfaces; or by contact with airborne contaminants present in either droplet splatter or aerosols of oral and respiratory fluids.

[The effect of antibacterial substances on spread resistance of bacteria].

The evaluation of influence biocides on phenomenon of spread resistance bacteria is wide discussed particularly in the medical area. Current issue is examinated mechanisms of spread bacterial resistance in the areas using antibiotics and disinfectants and in natural environment. Selection of resistance bacteria is connected with using biocides against the rules in medical care and disinfection.

[Microbiological assesssment of efficiency chemothermal disinfection of blood contaminated hospital textiles].

Thermal disinfection should be applied to laundering procedures of hospital textiles contaminated with blood. Currently, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton-polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. Besides, decreasing the temperature of chemothermal disinfection enhances the possibility of micro-organisms to survive the laundering procedure.

[The wastewater treatment significance in the control sanitarian and epidemiological state of environment].

The municipal wastewater consist of organic, inorganic and biological contaminations. The most of human and animals pathogens are found in municipal wastewater responsible for water-borne and waterwashed diseases. Wastewater biological treatment is effective methods to reduce the transmission route of this pathogens.

[The principle of registration, evaluation and testing of disinfecting preparations].

Disinfectants are used to produce a state in which the number of living micro-organisms has been reduced to a level which is appropriate to the practical situation. For any products which are included in the Biocidal Directive 98/8/EC, for which specific activity is claimed, test data has to be approved by the regulatory authority and a product license obtained before the product can be offered for sale. Disinfectants can be recorded as biocidal products or medical devices.

[Microbiological assessment of efficiency of antibacterial modified textiles].

The application of antimicrobial finishes to textiles can prevent bacterial growth and might reduce the risk of infection resulting from textiles that are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms in hospitals. The main aim of this study was the determination of the antibacterial activities of chemical treatments applied to textiles. Comparison of testing methods assessing antibacterial efficiency was conducted.

[Assessment of the sterilization of medical devices--an important challenge to health care in Poland].

The aim of the study was the evaluation of sterilization of medical devices in Polish hospitals. The system that we use to establish which sterilization procedures should be employed to reduce the risk of hospital infections associated with medical devices. Based on inquiries, the conditions for the sterilization of medical devices in 21 Warsaw hospitals were assessed.

[Tests of the microbiologic barrier in sterile packaging].

After decontamination, cleaning, maintenance and functional testing, sterilised items must be packed suitably. The package must protect sterilised items against microbial contamination during removal from the sterilising chamber, and during storage or transport until use. The ability of any given pack to withstand penetration by bacteria is termed bacterial barrier efficiency.