Assessment of preservation of beta-cell function in children with long-standing type 1 diabetes with "ultrasensitive c-peptide" method.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells. It was previously believed that the loss of the endocrine function of the pancreas is total and inevitable. With the rise of new knowledge and new methods allowing to reliably measure c-peptide in the low plasma concentration range, we have learned otherwise.

[Prevalence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy in children with diabetes type 1 over the years 2000-2010].

Introduction: In the past decade the number of patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has increased rapidly. Treatment of the disease is focused on proper physical development and the prevention of complications. Aim of the study was to analyze changes in the treatment and clinical picture of type 1 diabetes in children over the years 2000 to 2010 with particular emphasis on the presence of autoimmune diseases and microangiopathy.

[Quality of treatment in children with type 1 diabetes based on the Polish Prospective Pump Programme].

Background: In pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the value of HbA1c is a predictor of the risk of late systemic complications in adulthood. In the last years significant changes in the method of treatment in pre-pubertal children with T1DM have taken place. However, there is lack of precise data concerning the results of metabolic control of this group of patients.

[Usefulness of short-term usage of real time continuous glucose monitoring system in achieving metabolic control improvement in adolescents with type 1 diabetes].

Introduction: Experience with use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems (RT-CGMS) in teenagers with diabetes type 1 is limited, and in unselected groups of young patients did not show improvement in metabolic control.

Aim Of The Study: The objective of this study was to assess short-term RT-CGMS usage in teenagers with type 1 diabetes, in terms of possibility to improve metabolic control and acceptance of the system.

Material And Methods: 40 subjects, aged 14.

[Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in children with diabetes type 1].

Introduction: Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a naturally occurring product of asymmetric methylation of proteins, is an endogenous inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ADMA is now recognized as an independent marker of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Data concerning ADMA level in type 1 diabetes (DM1) are controversial.

[Higher percentages of T regulatory cells in children at risk for developing type 1 diabetes mellitus].

Introduction: The natural history of type 1 diabetes is concerned with the appearance of autoantibodies against antigens of pancreatic beta cells. The last decade revealed some evidence of the participation of T regulatory lymphocytes - cells which suppress immune response - in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and prediabetes.

Aim Of The Study: was the assessment of T regulatory cells in the blood of children at risk for developing type 1 the diabetes mellitus.

Lower percentages of T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes - preliminary report.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) isa well-known autoimmune disease, however there are still some processes in its pathogenesis to be elucidated. In the last few years the role of T regulatory cells in the pathogenesis of T1D has been investigated. The aim of study was to determine the percentages and numbers of T regulatory cells in the peripheral blood of children with type 1 diabetes.

[Evaluation of adiponectin level in children and adolescents with diabetes type 1].

Introduction: Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage place, but it also secretes numerous "adipocytokines" - substances that have systemic influence. Adiponectin has an anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic properties and increases insulin sensitivity. It is emphasized that adiponectin levels are different in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

[Ultrasonographic evaluation of selected parameters of the endothelial function in brachial arteries and IMT measurements in carotid arteries in children with diabetes type 1 using personal insulin pumps--preliminary report].

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes is a known risk factor for arterial atherosclerosis. The first symptoms can be found even in childhood. The ultrasonographic measurements of intimal plus medial thickness in carotid arteries (IMT) and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) evaluated in brachial arteries, play a known role in the detection in these cases.

[Metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes].

Introduction: Abnormal activation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in diabetes mellitus leads to extracellular matrix changes through the structural protein composition changes. The metalloproteinases inhibitors (TIMPs) are regulatory factors in this activity. Not all regulating mechanisms are completely known, especially in patients with type 1 diabetes.

[Selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9) in obese children and adolescents].

Introduction: In the last years it has been proved that matrix metalloproteinases participate in the development of all stages of atherosclerotic process. It has been suggested that plasma levels of metalloproteinases can be a novel, inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to evaluate plasma levels of selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in obese children and adolescents.

[The assessment of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), microalbuminuria and diabetic autonomous neuropathy in children with type 1 diabetes and hypertension].

Introduction: The late complications of diabetes consisted of autonomic neuropathy, nephropathy, which more often coexist with hypertension in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to assess the connections between changes in the autonomous nervous system, 24-hour ABPM and daily albumin excrection in children with hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Material: The group consisted of 72 patients with diabetes (diabetes duration time 6.

[If the level of cystatin C in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes an early marker for diabetic nephropathy?].

Background: The most important complication in the course of diabetes mellitus type I is diabetic nephropathy. Nowadays, apart from assessing the increased amount of albumins in urine, we are not able to identify early enough these patients whose health might be endangered by nephropathy. Looking for other biochemical indicators which could mark the early symptoms of kidney damage/renal malfunction seems to be justified.

[Usefulness of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in monitoring glycaemic profile in small children with diabetes type 1].

Background: Improved methods of diabetes therapy result in a near normoglycaemic state in many patients. This leads however unfortunately to more frequent hypoglycaemic incidents. Particularly small children, whose nervous system is not fully mature, are at high risk of central nervous system damage in case of hypoglycaemia.

[Correlation analysis between biochemical and biophysical markers of endothelium damage in children with diabetes type 1].

Unlabelled: Endothelial damage is one of the earliest stages in the atherosclerosis process. Adhesion molecules, secreted from dysfunctional endothelial cells are considered as early markers of atherosclerotic disease. Ultrasonographic evaluation of brachial arteries serves to detect biophysical changes in endothelial function, and evaluation of carotid arteries intima-media thickness allows to evaluate the earliest structural changes in the vessels.

Soluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) and selectins (sE selectin, sP selectin, sL selectin) levels in children and adolescents with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

The attachment of monocytes and lymphocytes to endothelial cells, which initiates atherosclerosis, arises under the influence of adhesion molecules. The preclinical phase of this disease lasts many decades, and this provides an opportunity for the presymptomatic detection of high-risk subjects. We evaluated levels of the adhesion molecules: sICAM-1 (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1), sE selectin, sP selectin, and sL selectin in children with atherosclerosis risk factors (n = 123, mean age 15.

Endothelin-1 plasma concentration in children and adolescents with atherogenic risk factors.

Background: Endothelial injury is the main stimulus for endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion - a strong vasoconstricting agent. The role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis which already develops in childhood, has been recently underlined.

Aim: To asses plasma ET-1 concentration in children and adolescents with such atherogenic risk factors as hypertension, obesity or diabetes.

[Selectins in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of early atherosclerotic changes in children and adolescents with risk factors (obesity, hypertension and diabetes)].

Unlabelled: Selectins are the group of adhesion molecules, which main role is the tethering of leukocytes to the endothelium. They induce relatively weak and transient adhesion allowing the cells to roll along the vascular wall. That mean, that selectins play part in the earliest stages of the atherosclerotic process.

[Assessment of growth factor levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the beginning of diabetic microangiopathy].

Objective: The purpose of the study was the evaluation of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes as well as the relationship between the concentration of examined proteins and the early development of diabetic microangiopathy.

Research Design And Methods: The study included 68 patients aged 15.54+/-2.

[Prevalence of chronic diabetes complications depending on the method of insulin therapy in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes].

Unlabelled: The critical study showing advantages of intensive insulin therapy in comparison with the classic method was Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Conclusion of that study was unequivocal: hyperglycemia has a significant influence on the development of the chronic diabetes complications. THE AIM of this study was to estimate the influence of the conventional insulin therapy in the past and its duration on the development of complications in patients suffering from type 1 diabetes for more than 5 years.

[How often does decreased consciousness of hypoglycaemia occur in children and adolescents with diabetes type 1 and what are its consequences?].

Unlabelled: The inability of the patient to recognize the risk of hypoglycemia is a very frequent phenomenon, but it is also often an underestimated complication in diabetes treated with insulin. The results of DCCT trial revealed that intensification in insulin therapy increases three-fold the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Feeling the state of hypoglycaemia is the basic defensive mechanism in patients with diabetes type 1, making possible to start the self treatment.

[Decreased consciousness of hypoglycaemia and the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia in children and adolescents with diabetes type 1].

Unlabelled: Maintaining good metabolic control is connected with an increasing risk of hypoglycaemia, which is the most frequent and most dangerous side effect of intensive insulin therapy. The results of the DCCT trial revealed that the intensification in insulin therapy increases three-fold the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia was defined by loose of consciousness, coma and/or convulsions.