Mercury Levels in Selected Medicines and Dietary Supplements in Poland.

Current trends are promoting youth, beauty, health, and fitness. Individuals often seek out remedies, such as medicines or dietary supplements (DS), to achieve these goals. However, highly processed foods, chronic stress, and environmental pollution contribute to the development of civilization diseases.

Mercury Exposure from the Consumption of Dietary Supplements Containing Vegetable, Cod Liver, and Shark Liver Oils.

Vegetable and fish oils constitute a significant part of all dietary supplements. Due to increasing environmental pollution, the raw materials used for their production may be contaminated with toxic substances, including metals. The aim of the present study was to determine the mercury (Hg) content in vegetable oils, shark liver oils, and cod liver oils.

Analysis of Mercury Concentration in Honey from the Point of View of Human Body Exposure.

Honey is a highly valued product due to its nutritional value, pro-health and healing properties. Pollutants from the environment penetrate into nectar, honeydew, pollen and next into bee products and can cause human exposure after ingestion. Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal to living organisms.

[Knowledge to the subject of legal highs and popularity of their use amongst secondary-school students from the Silesian Voivodeship].

Aim Of Work: Evaluation of knowledge to the subject of legal highs and popularity of their use amongst secondary-school students from the Silesian Voivodeship.

Material And Methods: Studies were conducted in spring of 2016 in two randomly selected secondary schools in Katowice and Dąbrowa Górnicza. The survey was carried out amongst students of these schools and concerned question about the knowledge of legal highs effect on the body and their use by young people.

[Changing the contents of Fe and Mn in the tonsils of children exposed to passive smoking and their local imission example Chorzow].

The subject of the research were samples of overgrown adenoids removed by adenoidectomy 56 children, including 30 boys and 26 girls, exposure and unexposure from passive smoking, living in the administrative area of Chorzów. The statistic characteristic of Fe and Mn occurrence is presented in the thesis. The studies were carried out on the changes of Fe and Mn and other elements, (B, Al, La, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Se, Hg, V, Be, Mo, Sn, V, Ti, Sb, Bi, TI, Zr, Ca, Mg, Na, Ba, Sr, Li) respectively.

[Co-occurrence Fe in relationships to other metals in pharyngeal tonsil of children in view of sex, age and expose to passive smoking].

The aim of this study was analysis of kind of interactions between Fe and the other metals: Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, K i Na in pharyngeal tonsils from girls and boys in several group of age (2-5 years, 6-9 years and 10-15 years) exposed and no exposed to tobacco smoking. This study showed that the kind of interaction dependent on sex, age and exposed to ETS.

[The occurance lead and cadmium in hip joint in aspect of exposure on tobacco smoke].

The objective of this study was qualification of content cadmium and lead in selected elements of the hip joint in aspect of tobacco smoking. The material for the research were 5 elements of hip joint (articular cartilage, trabecular bone and cortical bone femur head, fragment articular capsule and fragment trabecular bone from region intertrochanteric femoral bone), obtained intraoperatively during endoprothesoplastic surgeries. The samples come from habitants of Upper Silesian Region.

[Chromium in hydroxiapatites of gallstones from active and passive smoking and non smoking women].

The studies were carried out on the changes in chromium content in concretions of gallstones taken from 93 women (24 active smoking, 18 passive smoking, 51 non smoking women), respectively. Chromium content was determined with ICP-AES method (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy). Studies on chromium occurrence in concretions of gallstones showed the presence of its higher concentrations in passive smoking women (3.

[The influence of tobacco smoking on the occurrence of copper in hydroxiapatites of gallstones].

The studies were carried out on the changes in copper content in concretions of gallstones which were taken from 146 women (49 smoking and 97 no smoking) and 24 men (11 smoking and 13 no smoking), respectively. The elemental composition of gallstones was determined with ICP-AES method (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy). Studies on copper occurrence in concretions of gallstones showed the presence of its higher concentrations in case of smoking women (9.

[The important mean of passive smoking for lead and chromium content in deciduous teeth].

In this work the changes of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) content in deciduous children teeth exposed on environmental tobacco smoking were presented. As the control group were given deciduous children teeth nonexposed on tobacco smoking in home. The content of lead in deciduous teeth was higher in non-exposed population (13.

[Trace elements concentration in pharyngeal tonsils from exposed and unexposed to ETS children in refer to sex and places of living].

The aim of this study was investigation influence sex and place living (industrial region or village) to concentration of: Ca, K, Mg and Na in pharyngeal tonsils (n = 84) from children exposed and unexposed to tobacco smoke and analysis kind of interactions between trace elements. Determination of these elements contents were performed by ICP-AES. It was found higher concentrations of Ca and Na in pharyngeal tonsils from boys (389 microg//g) and girls (356 microg/g) unexposed to tobacco smoke to comparison to expose to ETS boys (304 microg/g) and girls (298 microg/g).

[Lead content in blood of children living near zinc smelter plant exposure on environmental tobacco smoking (ETS)].

In this paper the results of concentration of lead in the blood of children living near and background the plant smelter are presented. 510 girls and 567 boys from schools located at Tarnowskie Góry and Miasteczko Slaskie took part in the study. Concentration of lead content in the blood of children was determined by the ASA method with the apparatus Pye Unicam SP-9.

[Influence of smoking tobacco on the occurrence metals in some parts and profiles of femur head].

The smoking tobacco makes the negative influence on state of osseous tissue, many research shows, that the smoking tobacco states the factor of risk of appearance of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was determined of occurrence of 12 metals in separate parts and profiles of femur head in three studied groups: smoker persons, non-smoker and smoker in past. Human femur heads were obtained from people living in Upper Silesia cities in Poland during endoprosthetoplasty of coxa.

[Metabolism of chromium in femur head in aspect of cigarette smoking].

The objective of this study was qualification of content chromium in femur head in aspect of smoking cigarette. Investigated of femur head from habitants of Upper Silesian Region. The content of chromium was marked at non-smoking persons, smoking in past and smoking at present.

[Analysis of participation of mercury in gallstones from smoking and non smoking people].

Mercury concentration in gallstones of 146 women (49 smoking, 97 non-smoking) and 24 men (11 smoking, 13 non-smoking) was determined employing Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The possibility of mercury accumulation in concretions in the gallbladder was confirmed by the study. The changes of given elements were different in comparison for smoking and non smoking women and men.

[The changes of barium and strontium content in gallstones from smoking and non-smoking women].

The problem of statistical characteristics of occurrence barium and strontium content in gallstones from smoking and non-smoking women living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subjects of the research were gallstones, gained intraoperatively from 146 women (49 smoking, 97 non-smoking). The content of barium and strontium was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive coupled plasma (ICP-AES).

[Aluminum in hydroxyapatites of gallstones from smoking and non smoking women].

The investigation on the aluminum changes in gallstones from 149 women, including 49 smokers and 79 non-smokers women was carried out. All patients were inhabitants of Southern Poland. Aluminum concentration was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) with the measurement precision of 1-3% and the detectability of 0.

[Antagonistic effect of selenium in interactions with selected elements during contamination of the gallstones from smoking and no smoking men].

The problem of statistical characteristics of occurrence metals content in gallstones from smoking and no smoking man living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subject of the research were gallstones, gained intraoperatively from 24 man (11 smoking and 13 non smoking). The content of metals was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive couple plasma (ICP-AES).

[The role of the sex in cooccurrence of selenium with other elements in gallstones].

The characteristic of occurrence selenium content in gallstones from smoking and no smoking people living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subject of the research were gallstones, gained intra-operatively from 146 women (49 smoking, 97 no smoking women) and 24 men (11 smoking, 13 no smoking men). The content of selenium was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive couple plasma (ICP-AES).

[Arsenic in hydroxyapatites in gallstones from actively and passively smoking and non-smoking women].

The investigation on the arsenic changes carried out in gallstones from 93 women (24 active smoking, 18 passive smoking, 51 no smoking women). The elemental composition of gallstones was determined by ICP-AES method. For smoking women in comparison to men the changes of given elements were different.

[Analysis of possible interaction between lead and calcium in gallstones from active and passive smoking and no smoking women].

The problem of interaction between lead and calcium in gallstones from active and passive smoking and no smoking women living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subject of the research were gallstones, gained intraoperatively from 93 women (24 active smoking, 18 passive smoking, 51 no smoking women). The content of lead and calcium was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive couple plasma (ICP-AES).

[Application of PCA (Principal Components Analysis) for the estimation of smoking effect on the occurrence of trace elements in women's gallstones].

The PCA (Principal Components Analysis) was used to estimation of the role of smoking in the changes of elements contents in gallstones. The concentration of given elements were determined by ICP-AES method. It was stated that smoking regardless of sex, influence on the occurrence of elements in hydroxyapatites of gallstones, in particular it concerns changes of As, Pb, Zn, Se, Ti contents.

[Analysis of the possible interaction between cadmium and nickel in the gallstones from actively and passively smoking and non-smoking women].

The problem of statistical characteristics of occurrence cadmium and nickel content in gallstones from active and passive smoking and no smoking women living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subject of the research were gallstones, gained intraoperatively from 93 women (24 active smoking, 18 passive smoking, 51 no smoking women). The content of cadmium and nickel was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive couple plasma (ICP-AES).