A comparison of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in wild and captive Himalayan vultures.

As the most widely distributed scavenger birds on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Himalayan vultures () feed on the carcasses of various wild and domestic animals, facing the dual selection pressure of pathogens and antibiotics and are suitable biological sentinel species for monitoring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study used metagenomic sequencing to comparatively investigate the ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) of wild and captive Himalayan vultures. Overall, the resistome of Himalayan vultures contained 414 ARG subtypes resistant to 20 ARG types, with abundances ranging from 0.

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes alleviate temporomandibular joint disc degeneration in temporomandibular joint disorder.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder (TMD) is a chronic progressive disease that is commonly seen in clinical settings. TMJ disc degeneration is an important manifestation of TMD, and further aggravates the progression of TMD. However, treatments on TMJ disc degeneration are very limited till now.

Metagenomic comparison of gut communities between wild and captive Himalayan griffons.

Introduction: Himalayan griffons (), known as the scavenger of nature, are large scavenging raptors widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and play an important role in maintaining the balance of the plateau ecosystem. The gut microbiome is essential for host health, helping to maintain homeostasis, improving digestive efficiency, and promoting the development of the immune system. Changes in environment and diet can affect the composition and function of gut microbiota, ultimately impacting the host health and adaptation.

Multifunctional Composite Scaffold with Nanosilver, Graphene Oxide, and Macrophage Membrane Vesicles for Sequential Treatment of Infected Bone Defects.

The management of infected bone defects poses a significant clinical challenge, and current treatment modalities exhibit various limitations. This study focuses on the development of a multifunctional composite scaffold comprising nanohydroxyapatite/polyethyleneglycol diacrylate matrix, silver nanoparticles, graphene oxide (GO), sodium alginate, and M2-type macrophage membrane vesicles (MVs) to enhance the healing of infected bone defects. The composite scaffold demonstrates several key features: first, it releases sufficient quantities of silver ions to effectively eliminate bacteria; second, the controlled release of MVs leads to a notable increase in M2-type macrophages, thereby significantly mitigating the inflammatory response.

Metabolomics and metagenomics reveal the impact of γδ T inhibition on gut microbiota and metabolism in periodontitis-promoting OSCC.

During the process of periodontitis-promoting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the periodontitis microbiota can facilitate OSCC development by activating γδ T cells. Inhibiting γδ T cells through immunotherapy has been shown to significantly alleviate various types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanism by which inhibiting γδ T cells influenced cancer treatment has not been fully elucidated.

Periodontitis aggravates COPD through the activation of γδ T cell and M2 macrophage.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality. Periodontitis exacerbates COPD progression; however, the immune mechanisms by which periodontitis affects COPD remain unclear. Here, by constructing periodontitis and COPD mouse models, we demonstrated that periodontitis and COPD could mutually aggravate disease progression.

Research on the Association Between Periodontitis and COPD.

Periodontitis is a common chronic bacteria-initiated inflammatory disease that is closely associated with various systemic diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Periodontitis and COPD share similar risk factors, pathology and microorganisms. Epidemiological and clinical research have shown positive correlation between the two diseases.

Comparative analysis of gut DNA viromes in wild and captive Himalayan vultures.

Introduction: Himalayan vultures () are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance by feeding on decayed corpses of wild and domestic animals. Large-scale culture and metagenomics studies have broadened our understanding of viral diversity in animals' gastrointestinal tracts. However, despite the importance of gut viral communities in regulating bacterial diversity and performing symbiotic functions, no gut viral study has been conducted on Himalayan vultures.

MiR-601-induced BMSCs senescence accelerates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head progression by targeting SIRT1.

Background: The imbalance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is not only the primary pathological feature but also a major contributor to the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). Cellular senescence is one of the main causes of imbalanced BMSCs differentiation. The purpose of this study was to reveal whether cellular senescence could participate in the progression of SONFH and the related mechanisms.

LncRNA DGCR5-encoded polypeptide RIP aggravates SONFH by repressing nuclear localization of β-catenin in BMSCs.

The differentiation fate of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affects the progression of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). We find that lncRNA DGCR5 encodes a 102-amino acid polypeptide, RIP (Rac1 inactivated peptide), which promotes the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and aggravates the progression of SONFH. RIP, instead of lncRNA DGCR5, binds to the N-terminal motif of RAC1, and inactivates the RAC1/PAK1 cascade, resulting in decreased Ser675 phosphorylation of β-catenin.

[Periodontitis Promotes the Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing Macrophage M2 Polarization].

Objective: To investigate the role of periodontitis in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to determine whether periodontitis microorganisms induce M2 macrophage (M2) polarization and promote tumor progression.

Methods: The tumor tissues of OSCC patients with periodontitis and those without periodontitis were collected and immunohistochemistry tests were done to validate the trend of changes in M2 macrophages. A mouse model of OSCC accompanied by periodontitis was established by treating mice with drinking water containing four antibiotics for three consecutive days, applying in the mouths of the mice a coat of bacteria collected from the saliva of patients with periodontitis once every other day for five times, and injecting in their buccal mucosa OSCC cells (SCC7).

The bidirectional biological interplay between microbiome and viruses in periodontitis and type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Periodontitis was an inflammatory disease associated with a dysbiosis of the oral flora characterized by a chronic sustained inflammation inducing the resorption of alveolar bone and leading to tooth loss. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) was a metabolic disease caused by impaired insulin action. The oral microbiome played a crucial role in modulating both the innate and adaptive immune system during the trigger and exacerbation of periodontitis and T2D.

Oral Microbiota from Periodontitis Promote Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development via γδ T Cell Activation.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a fatal disease, and periodontitis is associated with OSCC development. However, the pathogenesis in the context of OSCC with periodontitis has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that periodontitis promoted OSCC development, accompanied by alterations in the oral bacterial community and the tumor immune microenvironment.

AhrC Negatively Regulates Streptococcus mutans Arginine Biosynthesis.

Streptococcus mutans is a primary cariogenic pathogen in humans. Arginine metabolism is required for bacterial growth. In S.

Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) targeting SARS-CoV-2 S1 as potential virus entry blocker.

Aims: COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a public health crisis worldwide. In this study, we aimed at demonstrating the neutralizing potential of the IgY produced after immunizing chicken with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit.

Methods And Results: E.

Periodontal Pathogens Promote Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating ATR and NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Periodontitis is closely related to oral cancer, but the molecular mechanism of periodontal pathogens involved in the occurrence and development of oral cancer is still inconclusive. Here, we demonstrate that, , the cell proliferation ability and S phase cells of the periodontitis group (colonized by and , P+) significantly increased, but the G1 cells were obviously reduced. The animal models with an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and periodontitis-associated bacteria treatment were constructed, and micro-CT showed that the alveolar bone resorption of mice in the P+ group (75.

Transcriptional Profiling Reveals the Importance of RcrR in the Regulation of Multiple Sugar Transportation and Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus mutans.

The ability of Streptococcus mutans to survive and cause dental caries is dependent on its ability to metabolize various carbohydrates, accompanied by extracellular polysaccharide synthesis and biofilm formation. Here, the role of an competence-related regulator (RcrR) in the regulation of multiple sugar transportation and biofilm formation is reported. The deletion of the gene in S.

[Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Berberine in Combination with Amylmetacresol Against ].

Objective: To study the antibacterial effect of berberine combined with amylmetacresol on .

Methods: Both dilution method and live bacteria CFU were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of berberine and amylmetacresol on . The killing effect of berberine and amylmetacresol on planktonic was detected by suspension quantitative germicidal test and live/dead bacteria staining.

Deletion of csn2 gene affects acid tolerance and exopolysaccharide synthesis in Streptococcus mutans.

Csn2 is an important protein of the CRISPR-Cas system. The physiological function of this protein and its regulatory role in Streptococcus mutans, as the primary causative agent of human dental caries, is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether csn2 deletion would affect S.

Rhodiola rosea extract inhibits the biofilm formation and the expression of virulence genes of cariogenic oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rhodiola rosea extract (RE) on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and the relevant mechanism of its action.

Methods: The effect of RE on the biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis of S. mutans was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), crystal violet staining and CFU counting method.