The effects of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen on the temporal and structural characteristics of ethanol intake.

The present study examined the behavioral processes mediating the influence of the GABA(B) agonist baclofen on the maintenance of voluntary ethanol intake. Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving baclofen (10 mg/kg, IP) and the other an equal volume of saline. Subjects were presented with a free choice of ethanol (10% v/v) and water immediately following drug injections, which occurred every other day.

Isolation from estuarine sediments of a Desulfovibrio strain which can grow on lactate coupled to the reductive dehalogenation of 2,4, 6-tribromophenol.

Strain TBP-1, an anaerobic bacterium capable of reductively dehalogenating 2,4,6-tribromophenol to phenol, was isolated from estuarine sediments of the Arthur Kill in the New York/New Jersey harbor. It is a gram-negative, motile, vibrio-shaped, obligate anaerobe which grows on lactate, pyruvate, hydrogen, and fumarate when provided sulfate as an electron acceptor. The organism accumulates acetate when grown on lactate and sulfate, contains desulfoviridin, and will not grow in the absence of NaCl.

The maritime environment: a comparison with land-based remote area health care.

The sea is not often considered when discussing remote area health care; however, when a comparison is made of the challenges posed by this and land-based remote areas and the experiences of people providing health care in both settings, the similarities are striking. Like people living in land-based remote areas, seafarers live in isolated communities, are often in remote geographical locations, and are required to be self-sufficient in the provision of health care, utilising limited medical resources and training in conjunction with radio medical advice. Given the large numbers of small, isolated floating communities that characterise the world shipping industry, some consideration of the quality of and access to health care needs to be made.

Effects of acute and chronic doses of naltrexone on ethanol self-administration in rhesus monkeys.

The effects of acute and chronic administration of intramuscular naltrexone (0.1, 0.3, 1.

Pharmacokinetic profile of ABELCET (amphotericin B lipid complex injection): combined experience from phase I and phase II studies.

Amphotericin B (AmB) has been the most effective systemic antifungal agent, but its use is limited by the dose-limiting toxicity of the conventional micellar dispersion formulation (Fungizone). New formulations with better and improved safety profiles are being developed and include ABELCET (formerly ABLC), but their dispositions have not been well characterized; hence, the reason for their improved profiles remains unclear. This report details the pharmacokinetics of ABELCET examined in various pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies by using whole-blood measurements of AmB concentration performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Resting metabolic rate in African-American and Caucasian girls.

Recent studies have found a lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) in African-American (AA) women with obesity as compared with Caucasian (C) women with obesity. It is unknown if this difference in RMR is seen in prepubertal girls or in those of average body weight. Therefore, we studied RMR in 21 AA and 24 C girls, ages 7-10, who were well matched for age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and pubertal status.

A descriptive analysis of the structure and temporal pattern of voluntary ethanol intake within an acquisition paradigm.

Objective: The present experiment examined the microstructure and temporal pattern of consummatory behavior to provide insight into the behavioral processes that regulate the acquisition of voluntary oral ethanol intake.

Method: A microcomputer-controlled data acquisition system was used to dynamically monitor food, water and ethanol intake in Long Evans rats across acquisition of ethanol drinking initiated through the presentation of a sequence of increasing concentrations of ethanol solutions in a free choice with water.

Results: The results showed a biphasic pattern of ethanol intake as a function of presentation of increasing concentrations of ethanol.

Nursing management of adults who have cystic fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis has ceased to be a terminal illness for children and has become a chronic disease affecting both children and adults. Life expectancy, already over 29 years, is increasing with new therapeutic interventions. Pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment information is presented here to assist adult health nurses in caring for patients with cystic fibrosis.

The effect of tray material and surface condition on the shear bond strength of impression materials.

This study compared the adhesive shear bond strength of three selected impression materials with that of thermoplastic and acrylic resin tray materials as a function of surface preparation. Polyether (Impregum), polyvinylsiloxane (Reprosil), and polysulfide (Permlastic) impression materials were evaluated on smooth, rough, and contaminated tray surfaces. Smooth surface samples were formed against glass and served as the control groups.

Effectiveness of Trimming and/or Washing on Microbiological Quality of Beef Carcasses.

Beef carcass sides (n = 48) were selected randomly on three different days in a commercial processing facility and microbiologically analyzed before being moved to the cooler. Four types of samples were obtained per side from the inside round area: no trim and no wash (NTNW); trim, but no wash (TNW); trim and wash (TW), and no trim but wash (NTW). A flame-sterilized knife, forceps, and scalpel were used for each trimming treatment and sampling.

Molecular typing and haplotypic associations of HLA-B*44 subtypes.

The heterogeneity of HLA-B44 is confirmed and the sequence difference between the two major subtypes, B*4402, *4403, is attributed to one polymorphic site in the third exon. A method is described to discriminate B*4402 and B*4403, and the occurrence and linkage disequilibrium of B*44 subtypes is discussed. No example of B*4401 polymorphism in exon 2 was observed.

The role of magnesium in myocardial preservation.

The purpose of this review is to look at the role of magnesium in the formation of preservation and reperfusion solutions for the ischaemic heart. Preservation of the heart during cardiac surgery procedures, including cardiac transplantation, can be divided into distinct phases: arrest, cold storage in the case of transplantation, global ischaemia during implantation or cardiac surgery procedures, followed by reperfusion when the heart is rewarmed and restarted. Although the magnesium ion can play a significant role in myocardial protection, it is important to recognize the different types of protection required during these different phases of surgical procedures.

A convenient method for guarding against localized mucositis during radiation therapy.

Metal restorations, such as full gold crowns and dental implants, can cause forward and back scatter radiation during radiation therapy with a dose enhancement to adjacent tissues. Mucositis, one of the most common complications of the radiation treatment of oral, as well as other head and neck malignancies can result. A method for constructing a buccolingual guard in the clinical setting using hydroplastic material is described.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization of interphase nuclei isolated from whole blood of transgenic mice.

Homozygosity in transgenic mice is typically confirmed by the time-consuming practice of breeding suspected homozygotes to non-transgenics and looking for 100% transmittance of the transgene to offspring. We have devised a simple reproducible method for isolating white blood cell nuclei from small quantities of mouse whole blood and have utilized fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the presence of one (hemizygous) or two (homozygous) copies of the transgene locus in interphase nuclei fixed to microscope slides. This method should have other applications where in situ hybridization of interphase nuclei is desirable.

Kidney and retinal defects (Krd), a transgene-induced mutation with a deletion of mouse chromosome 19 that includes the Pax2 locus.

The semidominant mutation Krd (kidney and retinal defects) was identified in transgenic line Tg8052. Krd/+ mice have a high incidence of kidney defects including aplastic, hypoplastic, and cystic kidneys. Retinal defects in Krd/+ mice include abnormal electroretinograms and a reduction of cell numbers that is most extreme in the inner cell and ganglion layers.

Polymer chain packing analysis using molecular modeling.

This article describes the methodology used in applying molecular modeling to investigate the chain packing of polymers. Models for polyethylene and trans-polyacetylene were developed in order to study the cell packing energy as a function of the chain setting angles. This approach was found to yield chain setting angle values that corresponded to those determined experimentally by other authors.

Voluntary ethanol consumption in rats: the importance of the exposure paradigm in determining final intake outcome.

The present investigation examined two methods of ethanol presentation to laboratory rats that have been used to examine the mechanisms mediating voluntary ethanol intake in animals. Experiment I examined whether a restricted access procedure had any significant and meaningful relationship in individual animals to drinking behavior in an unrestricted 24h paradigm. An unselected strain of rats was given free access (unrestricted 24h free choice) to ethanol and water, and later exposed to a restricted 10min access to ethanol.

Polydipsia amongst adults with a learning disability in an institution.

A hospital-based adult learning disabled population (n = 371) was screened for polydipsia with the help of a purpose-designed questionnaire. Polydipsia was defined as excessive drinking of more than 3 l of non-alcoholic fluid over a 24-h period. Altogether, 23 (6.

Detection of psychiatric disorders in elderly medical inpatients.

In a psychiatric census of a 196-bed acute inpatient Medicine for the Elderly unit, 76.1% of patients resident during 1 week were screened and interviewed in a two-stage diagnostic procedure. Of 153 patients studied, 11.

Insertional mutation on mouse chromosome 18 with vestibular and craniofacial abnormalities.

A dominant mutation was generated in transgenic mice as a consequence of insertional mutation. Heterozygous mice from transgenic line 9257 (Tg9257) are hyperactive with bidirectional circling behavior and have a distinctive facial appearance due to hypoplasia of the nasal bone. Morphological analysis of the inner ear revealed asymmetric abnormalities of the horizontal canal and flattening or invagination of the crista ampullaris, which can account for the circling behavior.