Long-term follow-up of patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (clinically isolated syndrome) who received cladribine tablets in CLASSIC-MS: Findings for the ORACLE-MS cohort.

Background: CLASSIC-MS explored long-term outcomes of patients treated with cladribine tablets.

Objective: Assess long-term efficacy in patients previously enrolled in ORACLE-MS, a Phase III parent trial.

Methods: ORACLE-MS included patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (FCDE or clinically isolated syndrome) who received ⩾1 course of cladribine tablets or placebo.

Temperature-Based Long-Term Stabilization of Photoacoustic Gas Sensors Using Machine Learning.

In this study, we address the challenge of estimating the resonance frequency of a photoacoustic detector (PAD) gas cell under varying temperature conditions, which is crucial for improving the accuracy of gas concentration measurements. We introduce a novel approach that uses a long short-term memory network and a self-attention mechanism to model resonance frequency shifts based on temperature data. To investigate the impact of the gas mixture temperature on the resonance frequency, we modified the PAD to include an internal temperature sensor.

Structure of Genes Encoding Oxidosqualene Cyclases-Key Enzymes of Triterpenoid Biosynthesis from Sea Cucumber .

Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) are enzymes responsible for converting linear triterpenes into tetracyclic ones, which are known as precursors of other important and bioactive metabolites. Two OSCs genes encoding parkeol synthase and lanostadienol synthase have been found in representatives of the genera and (family Stichopodidae, order Synallactida). As a limited number of sea cucumber OSCs have been studied thus far, OSCs encoding gene(s) of the sea cucumber (family Sclerodactylidae, order Dendrochirotida) were investigated to fill this gap.

Core-Shell Chitosan Particles Targeting Membrane-Bound Heat Shock Protein 70 for Cancer Therapy.

Anti-cancer targeted therapy is a promising approach. However, the identification of target molecules over-expressed in a wide range of tumors remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell membrane-exposed heat shock protein 70 kDa (mHSP70) on different tumor cells and to develop a nanoscale delivery system based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes mHSP70 and uses chitosan core-shell nanoparticles (NPs).

The Antigen-Specific Response of NK Cells to SARS-CoV-2 Correlates With KIR2DS4 Expression.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a pivotal role in the immune response against viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. However, our understanding of memory NK cell responses in the context of SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. To address this, we investigated the memory-like response of NK cells to SARS-CoV-2 peptides, presented by autologous cells.

Three-Dimensional Model Analysis Revealed Differential Cytotoxic Effects of the NK-92 Cell Line and Primary NK Cells on Breast and Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines Mediated by Variations in Receptor-Ligand Interactions and Soluble Factor Profiles.

The functional activity of a certain tumor determines the effectiveness of primary NK cells and NK-92 cell line-based cancer therapy; their therapeutic effectiveness against different tumors can vary. This work provides a direct simultaneous comparison of the cytotoxic effects of in vitro-activated peripheral NK (pNK) cells and NK-92 cells in spheroid models of BT-474, MCF7 and SKOV-3 carcinomas and uncovers the reasons for the differential effectiveness of NK cells against tumors. Tumor spheroids of similar size and shape, obtained from agarose molds, were incubated with NK-92 or pNK cells for 24 h.

[Association of inflammation and chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with Parkinson's disease].

Objective: To study the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and association of CFS with other clinical and neuropsychological manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as with serum inflammatory markers and genetic polymorphisms.

Material And Methods: The study included 533 patients with PD. All patients underwent clinical, neurological examination and neuropsychological testing using validated questionnaires: MoCA test, HADS, BDI-II, the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).

Different genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes characterize relapse and remission of multiple sclerosis: Focus on GNAS.

Background: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is a most common form of multiple sclerosis in which periods of neurological worsening are followed by periods of clinical remission. RRMS relapses are caused by an acute autoimmune inflammatory process, which can occur in any area of the central nervous system. Although development of exacerbation cannot yet be accurately predicted, various external factors are known to affect its risk.

[Mistakes in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases lead to wrong therapy and deterioration of patients' condition].

Neuromyelitis optic spectrum diseases (NMOSD) are a group of rare neuroimmunological diseases involving mainly the optic nerves and spinal cord, to a lesser extent the brain, and causing severe exacerbations that lead to persistent disability of patients. For many years, opticoneuromyelitis was considered a prognostically unfavorable variant of the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), however, in 2004, specific autoantibodies to aquaporin-4 were found in such patients, which made it possible to isolate NMOSD into a separate group of demyelinating diseases other than MS. Due to similar clinical signs and the predominantly remitting course of diseases, it is often difficult to make a correct diagnosis and, accordingly, prescribe effective therapy, which often leads to incorrectly selected therapy with incorrect diagnosis.

[Optimal patient profile for ofatumumab treatment: analysis of Russian data from the Phase 3 study].

The article provides an analysis of the features of the action of ofatumumab in subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who participated in phase 3 ASCLEPIOS I and II studies both in the general subgroup of 1882 patients and among 352 patients from the Russian Federation who participated in these studies. The results of the influence of age, gender, body weight of patients, as well as the basic level of disability on the EDSS scale, the presence of active foci on MRI and previously received therapy with drugs that alter the course of MS (PITRS) are presented. In a total group of 1.

[Modern pathogenetic treatment of rare demyelinating diseases].

Rare demyelinating diseases are a group of diseases whose pathogenesis is based on the process of demyelination. This group of diseases includes acute multiple encephalomyelitis (ADEM), opticoneuromyelitis spectrum diseases (NMOSD) and anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated diseases (MOG-antibodies-associated diseases - MOGAD). Recently, new biological drugs for pathogenetic therapy have been developed, which have shown their effectiveness and good tolerability in comparison with therapy with first- and second-line drugs.

[The diagnostic effectiveness of criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in the Russian clinical practice].

Objective: To compare the diagnostic criteria of 2006 (DC 2006) and 2015 (DC 2015) in the Russian population of patients with suspected neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), with the calculation of their sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and predictive value.

Material And Methods: We reviewed medical records of suspected NMOSD patients who were therefore examined for the presence of serum autoantibodies targeting the aquaporin-4 water channel protein (AQP4-IgG) in 6 specialized Russian (Nizhny Novgorod and Moscow) medical centers. One hundred patients (78 female), aged 17 to 74 years (mean 38.

Complete genome of the new bacilliform virus that causes Milky Hemolymph Syndrome in Chionoecetes bairdi (Rathbun, 1924).

The genome of a new member of the Nimaviridae family has been sequenced. The Chionoecetes bairdi bacilliform virus (CbBV) causes Milky Hemolymph Syndrome (MHS) in Chionoecetes bairdi populations of the Pacific coast of Kamchatka. The CbBV genome is represented by double-stranded DNA with a length of 245,567 nucleotides containing 120 ORFs.

Methodological Approaches for Increasing the Retroviral Transduction Efficiency of Primary NK Cells.

Background: The growing attention to NK cells for cancer cell therapy is associated with the need to establish highly efficient protocols for their genetic modification, particularly by retroviral transduction.

Objective: In this work, we have optimized several stages of the retroviral-based modification process, and determined the distribution of the amino acid transporter ASCT2 between NK cell subsets.

Methods: Retroviral particles were produced using the Phoenix Ampho cell line transfected with the calcium phosphate method .

[Questionnaires for arm function assessment in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Arm dysfunction is one of the disabling manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS), especially in later stages of the disease. Assessment of the functioning of the upper limbs is necessary to objectify the course of MS, determine the effectiveness of therapy, and individualize rehabilitation measures. The tools that assess the upper extremity dysfunction include tests and questionnaires.

Using demographic, psychosocial, behavioural and safety-related factors to assess cyclists' behaviour: A comparative approach across 19 countries.

This Data in Brief (DiB) article presents the differences in cycling behaviors related to violations, errors, and positive behaviors by region. The study data were collected by means of a structured questionnaire applied to a full sample of 7,001 participants from 19 countries, distributed over 5 continents. This paper proposes descriptive statistics, as well as common statistical tests.

[A role of cerebrovascular diseases in the progression of multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To identify the association between cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) among patients over 50 years old in two independent populations of Moscow and Tyumen.

Material And Methods: The study included 94 patients with MS in combination with CVD (main group) and 90 age-and sex-matched patients with MS without a vascular history (comparison group). An analysis of parameters such as disease duration, EDSS at different time points, disease progression index, duration of first remission in each population separately and in both populations together was carried out.

[Associations of serum neuromarkers with clinical features of Parkinson's disease].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory correlation of biomarkers with anti- and pro-apoptotic activity with the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms depending on the progression rate of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Material And Methods: A wide range of non-motor symptoms (emotional-affective, cognitive, psychotic and behavioral disorders, fatigue, sleep disorders and autonomic disorders) was evaluated using validated scales and a number of serum neuromarkers responsible for neuroplasticity and neuronal survival processes (BDNF, PDGF, cathepsin D) in 71 patients with PD (mean age 65 (55; 70) years, disease duration 7 (4; 9) years, age of onset 57 (49; 62) years).

Results: The concentration of biomarkers (BDNF, PDGF and cathepsin D) was the lowest in the group of patients with a rapid PD progression rate (<0.

[Long-term efficacy and safety of divozilimab during 2-year treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody divozilimab (DIV) used as an intravenous infusion at a dose of 500 mg every 24 weeks during 100 weeks for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) with relapses.

Material And Methods: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind and double-masked phase III clinical trial (CT) BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS (NCT05385744) included 338 adult patients with MS distributed in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: DIV 500 mg and teriflunomide (TRF) 14 mg. After screening, subjects were included in the main CT period, which consisted of two cycles of therapy over 48 weeks, then entered an additional period from weeks 49 to 100, which included three cycles of therapy.

Signal Enhancement of a Differential Photoacoustic Cell by Connecting the Microphones via Capillaries.

Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (DPAS) cells are usually excited on the first longitudinal ring mode, with a microphone situated in the middle of each of the two resonator tubes. However, it is known from other photoacoustic spectroscopy cell designs that connecting the microphones via a capillary can lead to signal enhancement. By means of finite element method (FEM) simulations, we compared such a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) cell with a capillary to a DPAS cell with a capillary attached to each of the two resonators and showed that the behavior of both systems is qualitatively the same: In both the PAS and the DPAS cell, in-phase and anti-phase oscillations of the coupled system (resonator-capillary) can be excited.

[The effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation for patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021 was evaluated in this study].

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of telerehabilitation (TELEREBT) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the context of the coronavirus pandemic 2020-2021.

Material And Methods: The study included 37 patients with MS who underwent a course of teleRBT. The course included 10 classes of 60 minutes for 10 days with a two-day break.

Obtaining Gene-Modified HLA-E-Expressing Feeder Cells for Stimulation of Natural Killer Cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific adaptive NK cells are capable of recognizing viral peptides presented by HLA-E on infected cells via the NKG2C receptor. Using retroviral transduction, we have generated a K562-cell-based line expressing HLA-E in the presence of the HLA-E-stabilizing peptide, which has previously shown the capacity to enhance adaptive NK cell response. The obtained K562-21E cell line was employed to investigate proliferative responses of the CD57 NK cell subset of HCMV-seropositive and seronegative donors.