Lipoteichoic Acid Isolated from Induces Both Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Wound Healing in HaCaT Cells.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, is recognized by Toll-like receptor 2, expressed on certain mammalian cell surfaces, initiating signaling cascades that include nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase. There are many structural and functional varieties of LTA, which vary according to the different species of gram-positive bacteria that produce them. In this study, we examined whether LTA isolated from (aLTA) affects the expression of junction proteins in keratinocytes.