A revised model of fungicide translaminar activity.

Translaminar redistribution is valuable for fungicide activity but difficult to measure and predict. The translaminar activity of 38 fungicides active against cucumber powdery mildew was measured experimentally and used to develop a QSAR (Quantitative structure-activity relationship) model of translaminar movement from calculated parameters. Over 300 physiochemical parameters generated from energy-minimized 3D structures were considered and one-parameter, two-parameter, and five-parameter models were developed.

Expression characterization of the herbicide tolerance gene Aryloxyalkanoate Dioxygenase (aad-1) controlled by seven combinations of regulatory elements.

Background: Availability of well characterized maize regulatory elements for gene expression in a variety of tissues and developmental stages provides effective alternatives for single and multigene transgenic concepts. We studied the expression of the herbicide tolerance gene aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (aad-1) driven by seven different regulatory element construct designs including the ubiquitin promoters of maize and rice, the actin promoters of melon and rice, three different versions of the Sugarcane Bacilliform Badnavirus promoters in association with other regulatory elements of gene expression.

Results: Gene expression of aad-1 was characterized at the transcript and protein levels in a collection of maize tissues and developmental stages.