Public perceptions of meniscus tears: Evaluating knowledge gaps and the role of education.

Background: Meniscus tears are common, occurring acutely during sports or as degenerative tears with aging. Limited information exists about the public's understanding of these injuries and their management.

Hypothesis/purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the public's baseline understanding of meniscus tear management and assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve their understanding.

Single-cell phenotyping of extracellular electron transfer via microdroplet encapsulation.

Electroactive organisms contribute to metal cycling, pollutant removal, and other redox-driven environmental processes via extracellular electron transfer (EET). Unfortunately, developing genotype-phenotype relationships for electroactive organisms is challenging because EET is necessarily removed from the cell of origin. Microdroplet emulsions, which encapsulate individual cells in aqueous droplets, have been used to study a variety of extracellular phenotypes but have not been applied to investigate EET.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Rehabilitation and Throwing Programs.

The incidence of ulnar collateral ligament injuries has increased over the past decade. As a result, the rate of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction has increased dramatically at all levels of competition in overhead athletes. Currently, there is no consensus on milestones during rehabilitation or a largely agreed-upon structured throwing program after ulnar collateral ligament injuries.

Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Reconstruction.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) complex is integral for valgus elbow stability, especially in individuals engaged in repetitive overhead activities such as throwing. MUCL injuries often necessitate surgical intervention to restore elbow stability. Early studies reporting outcomes after MUCL repair demonstrated suboptimal return to play compared with ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, prompting a shift toward reconstruction techniques.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Repair.

Ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow is a problem most associated with baseball pitchers but can be a challenging pathology for any overhead throwing athlete. The prevalence of these injuries has been steadily increasing over the past several decades, as has the need for surgical management. Surgical reconstruction has long been considered the gold standard for complete ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwers, but repair has surfaced as a viable option for younger patients or those with isolated proximal or distal injuries with good tissue quality.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears: Evaluation and Nonsurgical Management.

The medial ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow is the primary stabilizer against valgus load. It can tear acutely or through attritional damage as in repetitive overhead sports. Although baseball players, particularly pitchers, are the most vulnerable athletes, these injuries also occur in contact athletes, gymnasts, and javelin throwers.

Invasive Buffelgrass, Cenchrus ciliaris, Balances Opportunistic Acquisition of Foliar fungi With Host and Environmental Filtering in Its Introduced Range.

Plants host diverse assemblages of fungi on their foliar tissues, both in internal compartments and on exterior surfaces. When plant distributions shift, they can move with their fungal associates (i.e.

Morphology and Luminescence Properties of Transition Metal Doped Zinc Selenide Crystals.

Zinc selenide is an excellent matrix material to dope with rare-earth and transition metal to achieve mid-infrared luminescence to develop high power lasers. The luminescence, morphology and refractive index is significantly affected by the doping and defects generated due to size and valency of dopants, concentration, growth process and convection during the growth. The aim of the study is to investigate effect of point and line defects generated due to low doping of iron and chromium on the emission and morphology of the zinc selenide.

Dissociation of LAG-3 inhibitory cluster from TCR microcluster by immune checkpoint blockade.

Lymphocyte activation gene (Lag)-3 is an inhibitory co-receptor and target of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer. The dynamic behavior of Lag-3 was analyzed at the immune synapse upon T-cell activation to elucidate the Lag-3 inhibitory mechanism. Lag-3 formed clusters and co-localized with T-cell receptor microcluster (TCR-MC) upon T-cell activation similar to PD-1.

Design and Optimization of Selectivity-Tunable Toll-like Receptor 7/8 Agonists as Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate Payloads.

Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 are involved in modulating the adaptive and innate immune responses, and their activation has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy in the field of immuno-oncology. While systemic exposure to TLR7/8 agonists can result in poor tolerance, combination therapies and targeted delivery through antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) can help mitigate adverse effects. Described herein is the identification of a novel and potent series of pyrazolopyrimidine-based TLR7/8 agonists with tunable receptor selectivity.

Outcomes and return to sport after osteochondral autograft transplantation for osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum: a systematic review.

Background: Capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions are common in athletes. Osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) is one possible treatment option, though outcomes including return to sport (RTS) data are limited to small series. The purpose of this study was to systematically review RTS following OAT for capitellar OCD lesions.

Outcomes and performance following posteromedial elbow débridement in Major League Baseball players.

Background: Overhead athletes are particularly susceptible to elbow valgus extension overload syndrome and development of pathologic changes in the posteromedial elbow. Though arthroscopic débridement/osteophyte resection is frequently performed, few studies have analyzed the outcomes of this procedure and none have specifically addressed professional level athletes.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that following posteromedial elbow débridement, Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers would exhibit a higher rate of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction than baseline incidence in the existing literature, along with a decline in pitching performance.

Synergy Between NK Cells and Monocytes in Potentiating Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Severe COVID-19.

Background: Evidence suggests that COVID-19 predisposes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While monocytes/macrophages play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, less is known about their immunopathogenic mechanisms that lead to CVDs during COVID-19. Natural killer (NK) cells, which play an intermediary role during pathologies like atherosclerosis, are dysregulated during COVID-19.

Single-Cell Phenotyping of Extracellular Electron Transfer via Microdroplet Encapsulation.

Electroactive organisms contribute to metal cycling, pollutant removal, and other redox-driven environmental processes. Studying this phenomenon in high-throughput is challenging since extracellular reduction cannot easily be traced back to its cell of origin within a mixed population. Here, we describe the development of a microdroplet emulsion system to enrich EET-capable organisms.

Open Ankle Fractures in Older Individuals: A Multi-center Study.

The purpose of this study is to identify demographics, etiology, comorbidities, treatment, complications, and outcomes for older patients with open ankle fractures. Patients ≥60 years old who sustained an open ankle fracture between January 1, 2004 and March 31, 2014 at 6 Level 1 trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate analysis using chi-squared or Student's t test was performed to identify associations between preoperative variables and 2 postoperative outcomes of interest: amputation and 1-year mortality.

Urinary Metabolite Diagnostic and Prognostic Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers of Lung Cancer in Nonsmokers and Tobacco Smokers.

Purpose: Nonsmokers account for 10% to 13% of all lung cancer cases in the United States. Etiology is attributed to multiple risk factors including exposure to secondhand smoking, asbestos, environmental pollution, and radon, but these exposures are not within the current eligibility criteria for early lung cancer screening by low-dose CT (LDCT).

Experimental Design: Urine samples were collected from two independent cohorts comprising 846 participants (exploratory cohort) and 505 participants (validation cohort).

Public Perceptions of Rotator Cuff Tears.

(1) Background: Full-thickness rotator cuff tears (RCTs) impact 25% of those over 60 and 50% over 80; however, minimal data exists on public understanding; (2) Methods: The primary outcome was to determine the public's baseline understanding of RCTs utilizing a 36-question survey regarding anatomy and function, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options, and expectations. Secondarily, we evaluated the effect of an educational video and informational handout created by the authors to improve understanding. Participants ≥ 18 years were recruited from the senior author's clinic and online discussion platforms over a 5-month period; (3) Results: Baseline surveys were completed by 382 individuals: 56% men, 64% Caucasian, 27% with at least a master's degree, and 56% with very little or no RCT knowledge.

Systematic reduction of natural enemies and competition across variable precipitation approximates buffelgrass invasiveness () in its native range.

Invasive grasses cause devastating losses to biodiversity and ecosystem function directly and indirectly by altering ecosystem processes. Escape from natural enemies, plant-plant competition, and variable resource availability provide frameworks for understanding invasion. However, we lack a clear understanding of how natural stressors interact in their native range to regulate invasiveness.

High variability among surgeons in evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation of medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries.

Hypothesis And/or Background: The incidence of elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) injuries has been increasing, leading to advances in surgical treatments. However, it is not clear that there is consensus among surgeons regarding diagnostic imaging, the indications for acute surgery and postoperative rehabilitation. The purpose of this study is evaluate surgeon variability in the presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical treatment of MUCL injuries regarding the imaging modalities used for diagnosis, indications for acute surgical treatment, and postoperative treatment recommendations for rehabilitation and return to play (RTP).

Assessment and report of individual symptoms in studies of delirium in postoperative populations: a systematic review.

Objectives: Delirium is most often reported as present or absent. Patients with symptoms falling short of the diagnostic criteria for delirium fall into 'no delirium' or 'control' groups. This binary classification neglects individual symptoms and may be hindering identification of the pathophysiology underlying delirium.

Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Players: Methodological Assessment of the Quality and Construct of Publicly Available Programs.

Context: The quality and interprogram variability of publicly available throwing programs have not been assessed.

Objective: To (1) identify publicly available interval throwing programs, (2) describe their components and structure, and (3) evaluate their quality, variability, and completeness.

Data Sources: Google, Bing, Yahoo; keyword: "interval throwing program.

Perceptions of social media harms and potential management strategies: vaping case study.

Background: The social media landscape is now ubiquitous in people's everyday lives. It is a space where culture, politics, economics and sociological and public health discourses occur. There is mounting evidence that e-cigarette products are being promoted and advertised on social media, a media platform particularly popular with young people.