Ceftobiprole: A therapeutic update.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Light buckets and laser beams: mechanisms and applications of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, a non-thermal light therapy using nonionizing light sources, has shown therapeutic potential across diverse biological processes, including aging and age-associated diseases. In 2023, scientists from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural and Extramural programs convened a workshop on the topic of PBM to discuss various proposed mechanisms of PBM action, including the stimulation of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase, modulation of cell membrane transporters and receptors, and the activation of transforming growth factor-β1. They also reviewed potential therapeutic applications of PBM across a range of conditions, including cardiovascular disease, retinal disease, Parkinson's disease, and cognitive impairment.

Neurocognitive correlates of cerebral mitochondrial function and energy metabolism using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy in older adults.

The goal of the current study was to learn about the role of cerebral mitochondrial function on cognition. Based on established cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuropsychology, and cognitive aging literature, we hypothesized mitochondrial function within a focal brain region would map onto cognitive behaviors linked to that brain region. To test this hypothesis, we used phosphorous (P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to derive indirect markers of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism across two regions of the brain (bifrontal, left temporal).

Feasibility of transcranial Doppler to evaluate vasculopathy among survivors of childhood brain tumors exposed to cranial radiation therapy.

Background: The ability of transcranial Doppler (TCD) to detect asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease among childhood brain tumor survivors following exposure to cranial radiation therapy has not been established.

Methods: Survivors of childhood brain tumors, more than 3 years since diagnosis and exposed to greater than 30 Gy cranial radiation, underwent a history and physical exam, laboratory biomarkers of cerebrovascular disease (cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-sensitivity CRP, hemoglobin A1C, apoprotein A, and apoprotein B), and a TCD evaluation of their cerebral arteries.

Results: In all 165 cerebral arteries from 13 patients (medulloblastoma = 10; germ cell tumor = 3; females = 5; mean age at diagnosis = 8.

Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Selective Attention in Older Adults.

Background: Selective attention declines with age, due to age-related functional changes in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) neurofeedback has been used in young adults to train volitional control of brain activity, including in dACC.

Methods: For the first time, this study used rtfMRI neurofeedback to train 19 young and 27 older adults in volitional up- or down-regulation of bilateral dACC during a selective attention task.

Multiple sleep disturbances are associated with apathy in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with both sleep disturbances and apathy, and within PD, apathy has been associated with REM behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness. Whether other forms of sleep disturbance are similarly associated with apathy in PD remains unclear. This study explored associations between a broad array of sleep disturbances and apathy in 50 individuals with idiopathic PD (PD) and 48 matched controls (MC).

Two Cases With Recurrent Challenges: Unraveling the Complexity of Heyde Syndrome With Rebleeding.

Heyde syndrome is characterized by the association between aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding. This report examines two cases of Heyde syndrome in elderly females who experience bleeding recurrence within months following aortic valve replacement (AVR). The discussion highlights the controversies surrounding the optimal management of Heyde syndrome, particularly in the context of AVR type (surgical vs.

Measuring Pharmacy Student Engagement in a Pharmacotherapy Course With Required Attendance.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate student engagement in a pharmacotherapy course with required attendance, identify intervals where students were most and least likely to be engaged, and assess student perceptions of the importance of engagement.

Methods: In 2022, the pharmacotherapy course faculty implemented a graded attendance policy. A survey instrument was developed to gauge student engagement throughout in-class sessions and included 3 questions regarding engagement to determine whether students were on-task, off-task-related, or off-task-unrelated.

F-actin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan distribution in female mosquito salivary glands and ducts.

Directly involved in the "suck-and-spit" physiology, female mosquito salivary glands (SGs) primarily imbibe blood for egg development and release anticoagulants to keep blood flowing. Indirectly involved, mosquitoes can uptake arboviruses during blood feeding from a viremic host. This research examined the presence of the filamentous cytoplasmic contractile protein (F-actin) and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), in the female mosquito SGs.

Equipping Nurse Practitioner Students With Social Determinants of Health Competencies.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) cause significant burden on individuals living with acute and chronic disease. There are meaningful data to support screening for social needs, yet implementation limitations exist in the clinical setting. Incorporating SDOH education into nurse practitioner (NP) curriculum provides a framework for bringing these concepts into clinical practice.

Anticholinergic Medication Burden and Cognitive Subtypes in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia.

Objective: Cognitive changes are heterogeneous in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study compared whether anticholinergic burden drives differences in cognitive domain performance and empirically-derived PD-cognitive phenotypes.

Method: A retrospective chart review contained participants (n = 493) who had idiopathic PD without dementia.

Greater Apathy Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: Apathy, a motivational disorder, is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and often misdiagnosed as depression. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with increased apathy in adolescents and adults with depression. Based on observations that serotonin may downregulate dopaminergic systems, we examined the relationship between apathy and SSRI use in individuals with PD.

Co-Occurrence of Apathy and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease: Variation across Multiple Measures.

Objective: To determine if the co-occurrence of apathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson disease is dependent on instrument selection and assess the concurrent validity of three motivation measures by examining interrelationships between them.

Method: Ninety-seven cognitively normal individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) completed the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) and three apathy measures: the Apathy Scale, Lille Apathy Rating Scale, and Item 4 of the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale.

Results: Fifty (51.

A comprehensive pediatric cardio-oncology program: a single institution approach to cardiovascular care for pediatric patients with cancer and childhood cancer survivors.

Cardiovascular complications related to cancer therapies are broad and variable in onset. These complications are the leading cause of non-cancer related morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors and can also impact ongoing cancer treatment. Despite this understanding, dedicated cardio-oncology programs are lacking in pediatric cardiology.

Responsive deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Tourette syndrome.

To report the results of 'responsive' deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Tourette syndrome (TS) in a National Institutes of Health funded experimental cohort. The use of 'brain derived physiology' as a method to trigger DBS devices to deliver trains of electrical stimulation is a proposed approach to address the paroxysmal motor and vocal tic symptoms which appear as part of TS. Ten subjects underwent bilateral staged DBS surgery and each was implanted with bilateral centromedian thalamic (CM) region DBS leads and bilateral M1 region cortical strips.

Temporal changes in treatment and late mortality and morbidity in adult survivors of childhood glioma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

Pediatric glioma therapy has evolved to delay or eliminate radiation for low-grade tumors. This study examined these temporal changes in therapy with long-term outcomes in adult survivors of childhood glioma. Among 2,501 5-year survivors of glioma in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study diagnosed 1970-1999, exposure to radiation decreased over time.

Factors that affect powered wheelchair use for an adult population: a systematic review.

Purpose: The purpose of the review was to explore current factors affecting the use of a powered wheelchair for an adult person a with a disability.

Materials And Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Information about the characteristics of the studies (type, setting) and perceived barriers and facilitators to powered wheelchair use were extracted using a data extraction sheet.

Impact of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on Anxiety Levels Among African American Adolescents.

Anxiety and depression among adolescents in the United States has steadily increased. In addition, significant disparities in access to mental health care exist for African Americans. The purpose of the current project was to support the mental health of African American adolescents involved in faith-based youth groups through implementation of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT).

A Pharmacist's Role in a Case of Allergy Labeling and Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Treatment.

This case report describes a pharmacist's intervention with a 58-year-old female who presented with recurrent rhinosinusitis symptoms and limited treatment options due to a complicated allergy history. Using guidelines for treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis coupled with a thorough antibiotic allergy assessment, the pharmacist developed a treatment plan that was acceptable to both the patient and the provider. Pharmacists can play an essential role in verification of allergies to both medications and non-pharmaceutical products, which further ensures patient safety as well as optimization of appropriate treatment methods.

Frontal-temporal regional differences in brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial function using P MRS in older adults.

Aging is a major risk for cognitive decline and transition to dementia. One well-known age-related change involves decreased brain efficiency and energy production, mediated in part by changes in mitochondrial function. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Neurologic morbidity and functional independence in adult survivors of childhood cancer.

Objective: To examine associations between neurologic late effects and attainment of independence in adult survivors of childhood cancer treated with central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapies.

Methods: A total of 7881 survivors treated with cranial radiation therapy (n = 4051; CRT) and/or intrathecal methotrexate (n = 4193; IT MTX) ([CNS-treated]; median age [range] = 25.5 years [18-48]; time since diagnosis = 17.

The Relationship Between Autonomic Dysfunction and Mood Symptoms in De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients Over Time.

Background: Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can worsen quality of life. We examined: (a) whether specific autonomic symptoms were more strongly associated with anxiety or depression in PD and (b) whether overall autonomic dysfunction predicted mood trajectories over a 5-year period.

Methods: Newly diagnosed individuals with PD ( = 414) from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms annually.

Perception of cognitive change by individuals with Parkinson's disease or essential tremor seeking deep brain stimulation: Utility of the cognitive change index.

Objective: The Cognitive Change Index (CCI-20) is a validated questionnaire that assesses subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) across memory, language, and executive domains. We aimed to: (a) examine the internal consistency and construct validity of the CCI-20 in patients with movement disorders and (b) learn how the CCI-20 corresponds to objective neuropsychological and mood performance in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) or essential tremor (ET) seeking deep brain stimulation (DBS).

Methods: 216 participants ( = 149 PD; = 67 ET) underwent neuropsychological evaluation and received the CCI-20.