Baseline nocturnal glucose change: A predictor of the treatment effect of bolus intensification in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

This post hoc analysis of an 18-week randomized trial explored the utility of calculating baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), postprandial glucose (PPG) increments and nocturnal glucose change in predicting efficacy and safety outcomes in response to bolus insulin intensification in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Analyses were conducted on 236 participants with T2D receiving metformin: 116 received fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) basal-bolus therapy and 120 received basal-only insulin. Participants were grouped according to baseline HbA1c, PPG increments and nocturnal glucose change variables; analyses were performed on the end-of-trial treatment differences between "high" and "low" baseline values.

Investigating the Association Between Baseline Characteristics (HbA1c and Body Mass Index) and Clinical Outcomes of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart in People with Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between baseline characteristics [HbA1c and body mass index (BMI)] and the effect of mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) relative to insulin aspart (IAsp) or basal-only insulin therapy on several efficacy and safety outcomes in people with diabetes.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of three randomised phase 3a trials in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D; onset 1) and type 2 diabetes (T2D; onset 2 and 3). Participants (N = 1686) were stratified according to baseline BMI (< 25 kg/m, 25-< 30 kg/m, ≥ 30 kg/m) or HbA1c (≤ 58 mmol/mol, > 58-< 64 mmol/mol, ≥ 64 mmol/mol; ≤ 7.

Mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart for controlling postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with insulin-resistant Type 2 diabetes.

Aim: This post hoc analysis explored whether mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart treatment provided an advantage in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) control vs. insulin aspart in people with Type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of bolus insulin.

Methods: A post hoc, post-randomization, subgroup analysis of a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, treat-to-target trial (onset 2) that compared mealtime fast-acting insulin aspart vs.

The effect of basal-bolus therapy varies with baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol level in people with Type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis.

Aims: To investigate the impact of baseline 1,5-anhydroglucitol on the treatment effect of basal-bolus therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of onset 3, an 18-week, randomized, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of fast-acting insulin aspart in basal-bolus therapy (n = 116) vs. basal insulin-only therapy (n = 120) in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Nurse-Moderated Internet-Based Support for New Mothers: Non-Inferiority, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Internet-based interventions moderated by community nurses have the potential to improve support offered to new mothers, many of whom now make extensive use of the Internet to obtain information about infant care. However, evidence from population-based randomized controlled trials is lacking.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the non-inferiority of outcomes for mothers and infants who received a clinic-based postnatal health check plus nurse-moderated, Internet-based group support when infants were aged 1-7 months as compared with outcomes for those who received standard care consisting of postnatal home-based support provided by a community nurse.

Faster Aspart Versus Insulin Aspart as Part of a Basal-Bolus Regimen in Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: The onset 2 Trial.

Objective: This multicenter, double-blind, treat-to-target, phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The primary end point was HbA change from baseline after 26 weeks' treatment. After an 8-week run-in to optimize basal insulin, subjects were randomized (1:1) to mealtime faster aspart ( = 345) or IAsp ( = 344), titrated using a simple daily patient-driven algorithm, plus insulin glargine U100 and metformin.

Results: HbA change was -1.

Usage, adherence and attrition: how new mothers engage with a nurse-moderated web-based intervention to support maternal and infant health. A 9-month observational study.

Objectives: To identify factors predicting use, adherence and attrition with a nurse-moderated web-based group intervention designed to support mothers of infants aged 0-6 months.

Design: 9-Month observational study.

Setting: Community maternal and child health service.

Durability and tolerability of dapagliflozin over 52 weeks as add-on to metformin and sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulphonylurea over 52 weeks.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using sulphonylurea and metformin received dapagliflozin 10 mg/day or placebo added to therapy for 52 weeks (24-week randomized, double-blind period plus 28-week double-blind extension).

Results: A total of 219 patients were randomized 1 : 1 to dapagliflozin or placebo.

Dapagliflozin improves glycemic control and reduces body weight as add-on therapy to metformin plus sulfonylurea: a 24-week randomized, double-blind clinical trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and sulfonylurea.

Research Design And Methods: Patients with HbA1c of 7.0% (53 mmol/mol) to 10.

Do people with chronic pain have impaired executive function? A meta-analytical review.

A widely held belief within the clinical community is that chronic pain is associated with cognitive impairment, despite the absence of a definitive systematic review or meta-analysis on the topic. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the current evidence concerning the difference in executive function between people with chronic pain and healthy controls. Six databases were searched for citations related to executive function and chronic pain from inception to June 24, 2013.

Effectiveness of nurse home visiting for families in rural South Australia.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-year post-natal home-visiting programme delivered by nurses to socially disadvantaged mothers in rural regions of South Australia.

Methods: The intervention group consisted of 225 mothers who lived in rural regions and enrolled in the programme between 2010 and 2012. The comparison group consisted of 239 mothers who lived in rural areas between 2008 and 2009 when the programme was not yet available.

An equivalence evaluation of a nurse-moderated group-based internet support program for new mothers versus standard care: a pragmatic preference randomised controlled trial.

Background: All mothers in South Australia are offered a clinic or home-visit by a Child and Family Health community nurse in the initial postnatal weeks. Subsequent support is available on request from staff in community clinics and from a telephone helpline. The aim of the present study is to compare equivalence of a single clinic-based appointment plus a nurse-moderated group-based internet intervention when infants were aged 0-6 months versus a single home-visit together with subsequent standard services (the latter support was available to mothers in both study groups).

Short-term heat acclimation training improves physical performance: a systematic review, and exploration of physiological adaptations and application for team sports.

Background: Studies have demonstrated that longer-term heat acclimation training (≥8 heat exposures) improves physical performance. The physiological adaptations gained through short-term heat acclimation (STHA) training suggest that physical performance can be enhanced within a brief timeframe.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to determine if STHA training (≤7 heat exposures) can improve physical performance in healthy adults.

Motor imagery in people with a history of back pain, current back pain, both, or neither.

Introduction: There is mounting evidence that cortical maps are disrupted in chronic limb pain and that these disruptions may contribute to the problem and be a viable target for treatment. Little is known as to whether this is also the case for the most common and costly chronic pain-back pain.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of back pain characteristics on the performance of left/right trunk judgment tasks, a method of testing the integrity of cortical maps.

Effectiveness of nurse home-visiting for disadvantaged families: results of a natural experiment.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a postnatal home-visiting programme delivered by community health nurses to socially disadvantaged mothers in South Australia.

Design: The intervention group of 428 mothers lived in metropolitan Adelaide and the comparison group of 239 mothers lived in regional towns where the programme was not yet available. All participating mothers met health service eligibility criteria for enrolment in the home-visiting programme.

Nurse perceptions of family home-visiting programmes in Australia and England.

Aims: Nurse home-visiting programmes are employed to enhance the functioning of disadvantaged mothers and young children. Despite the key role played by nurses, there is little empirical evidence describing the views and experiences of nurses who deliver home-visiting programmes. This study compared the views and experiences of nurses delivering home-visiting programmes in England and South Australia.

The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Graded motor imagery (GMI) is becoming increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all evidence concerning the effects of GMI and its constituent components on chronic pain. Systematic searches were conducted in 10 electronic databases.

A study comparing insulin lispro mix 25 with glargine plus lispro therapy in patients with Type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control on oral anti-hyperglycaemic medication: results of the PARADIGM study.

Aims: To test the hypothesis that initiation and intensification with 25% insulin lispro, 75% insulin lispro protamine suspension (LM25), is non-inferior to initiation and intensification with glargine + insulin lispro therapy on change from baseline in HbA(1c).

Methods: In this randomized, non-inferiority (margin of 0.4%), parallel, prospective, multi-country, 48-week, open-label study, patients (n = 426) with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral anti-hyperglycaemic medications were assigned to either initiating therapy with one daily LM25 injection, progressing up to three daily injections (full analysis set n = 211; per protocol set n = 177) or initiating therapy with one daily glargine injection and progressing up to three daily insulin lispro injections (full analysis set n = 212; per protocol set n = 184).

All-cause mortality after first ERCP in England: clinically guided analysis of hospital episode statistics with linkage to registry of death.

Background: All-cause death within 30 days of ERCP is a candidate indicator of care, but institutional-level statistics require careful interpretation. National-scale, population-based outcome studies of unselected patients undergoing ERCP are needed to define expected levels of real-world mortality risk and the case-mix factors that predict poor outcome.

Objective: To develop methods for analyzing administrative data for English hospitals with linkage to death registration to study all-cause mortality after first ERCPs and explore predictors of death and institutional variation.

Safer sedation practice may not translate into improvements in endoscopic outcomes.

Introduction: Although the literature surrounding sedation practice and endoscopic outcomes remains sparse and controversial, there have been a number of stringent guidelines issued regarding sedation use in endoscopy.

Aims: To assess the impact of changes to enhance safer sedation practice on endoscopic outcomes.

Methods: Sedation practice was audited in 7234 consecutive gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in 2004 and protocols for enhancing safer sedation practice were introduced.

Adhesive contact media--an update on graft fixation and burn scar management.

With the introduction of silicone gel in 1981, the emphasis in the treatment of burn scar management has changed from pressure to the use of contact media. A range of 'contact media' has been introduced, allowing for therapy to be individualized to the patient and the scar. Over the last few years, the introduction of 'the adhesive technique' has allowed for earlier therapy with the aim of preventing or minimizing scar hypertrophy with better short- and long-term cosmetic results.