Sour neuronal signalling attenuates macrophage mediated liver injury.

Background: Liver injury, a common pathophysiological basis of various liver diseases, is associated with inflammation. Hepatic nerves regulate inflammation. However, the specific signals that trigger inflammation and methods to treat inflammation by targeting nerves remain unknown.

Contrasting cytotoxic and regulatory T cell responses underlying distinct clinical outcomes to anti-PD-1 plus lenvatinib therapy in cancer.

Combination of anti-PD-1 with lenvatinib showed clinical efficacy in multiple cancers, yet the underlying immunological mechanisms are unclear. Here, we compared T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients before and after combination treatment using single-cell transcriptomics and T cell receptor (scTCR) clonotype analyses. We found that tumor-infiltrating GZMK CD8 effector/effector memory T (Teff/Tem) cells, showing a favorable response to combination therapy, comprise progenitor exhausted T (Tpex) cells and also unappreciated circulating Tem (cTem) cells enriched with hepatitis B virus (HBV) specificity.

TRIM28 is an essential regulator of three-dimensional chromatin state underpinning CD8 T cell activation.

T cell activation is accompanied by extensive changes in epigenome. However, the high-ordered chromatin organization underpinning CD8 T cell activation is not fully known. Here, we show extensive changes in the three-dimensional genome during CD8 T cell activation, associated with changes in gene transcription.

Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Captive Pangolins: A Case Study of Two Species.

Pangolins, one of the most trafficked mammals, face significant health challenges in captivity, including digestive disorders and immune dysfunctions. These issues are closely linked to alterations in their gut microbiota, which play vital roles in the host metabolism, immunity, and overall health. This study investigated the differences in the gut microbiota composition and function between two pangolin species, Chinese pangolins () and Malayan pangolins (), under identical captive conditions to better understand their ecological adaptability and health implications.

Structurally sophisticated 3D-printed PCL-fibrin hydrogel meniscal scaffold promotes in situ regeneration in the rabbit knee meniscus.

A meniscus injury is a common cartilage disease of the knee joint. Despite the availability of various methods for the treatment of meniscal injuries, the poor regenerative capacity of the meniscus often necessitates resection, leading to the accelerated progression of osteoarthritis. Advances in tissue engineering have introduced meniscal tissue engineering as a potential treatment option.

Enhanced antibody response to the conformational non-RBD region DNA prime-protein boost elicits broad cross-neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Preventing immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial in vaccine development to ensure broad protection against the virus. Conformational epitopes beyond the RBD region are vital components of the spike protein but have received limited attention in the development of broadly protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, we used a DNA prime-protein boost regimen to evaluate the broad cross-neutralization potential of immune response targeting conformational non-RBD region against SARS-CoV-2 viruses in mice.

Association between serum iron status and the risk of colorectal cancer in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2001-2020.

Background: Maintaining iron homeostasis is crucial for preventing the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, Evidence regarding the correlation between serum iron status and CRC has been inconsistent. This population-based study aims to explore the potential association between serum iron status and CRC risk.

Development and evaluation of 3D composite scaffolds with piezoelectricity and biofactor synergy for enhanced articular cartilage regeneration.

The inability of articular cartilage to self-repair following injuries frequently precipitates osteoarthritis, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life. Given the limitations inherent in current clinical interventions, an urgent need exists for more effective cartilage regeneration methodologies. Previous studies have underscored the potential of electrical stimulation in cartilage repair, thus motivating the investigation of innovative strategies.

A nomogram incorporating Psoas muscle index for predicting tumor recurrence after liver transplantation: A retrospective study in an Eastern Asian population.

Background And Aims: Tumor recurrence significantly affects the prognostic outcomes for liver cancer patients following liver transplantation. However, existing predictive models often neglect the inclusion of body composition indicators. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the significance of the psoas muscle index (PMI) in evaluating the post-transplant prognosis of liver cancer.

Deposition of Gadolinium in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Its Effects on Sensory, Cognitive, and Athletic Implications after Multiple Injections of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Rats.

Background And Purpose: After repeat administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), the association between gadolinium retention in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the main manifestations of myelopathy and progressive neurologic symptoms remains unclear. We investigated the effects of the repeat administration of GBCAs on gadolinium retention in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the sensory, cognitive, and athletic implications.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (12 rats in each group): the gadodiamide group (linear and nonionic GBCAs), the gadopentetate dimeglumine group (linear and ionic GBCAs), the gadoterate meglumine group (macrocyclic and ionic GBCAs), and the control group (0.

Reciprocal regulation of T follicular helper cells and dendritic cells drives colitis development.

The immunological mechanisms underlying chronic colitis are poorly understood. T follicular helper (T) cells are critical in helping B cells during germinal center reactions. In a T cell transfer colitis model, a lymphoid structure composed of mature dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells was found within T cell zones of colonic lymphoid follicles.

Post-death Vesicles of Senescent Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Polyploids Promote Macrophage Aging and Breast Cancer.

Unlabelled: Potential systemic factors contributing to aging-associated breast cancer (BC) remain elusive. Here, we reveal that the polyploid giant cells (PGCs) that contain more than two sets of genomes prevailing in aging and cancerous tissues constitute 5-10% of healthy female bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (fBMSCs). The PGCs can repair DNA damage and stimulate neighboring cells for clonal expansion.

Return to flight duty (RTFD) after posterior lumbar spine surgery for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis (LIS) in Chinese military pilots.

Background: Symptomatic lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis (LIS) present significant challenges for military pilots, which may result in grounding if not effectively managed. Surgical treatment for LDH and LIS may offer a pathway to return to flight duty (RTFD), but recent data on this crucial topic is lacking. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating the RTFD outcomes among Chinese military pilots who have undergone lumbar spine surgery for symptomatic LDH and LIS.

Attributes of Cyazofamid-Resistant Mutants and Its Impact on Quality of Litchi Fruits.

In this study, we determined the sensitivity of 148 isolates to cyazofamid, yielding a mean EC value of 0.0091 ± 0.0028 μg/mL.

Prevalence and risk factors of occupational neck pain in Chinese male fighter pilots: a cross-sectional study based on questionnaire and cervical sagittal alignment.

Background: Neck pain (NP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder among fighter pilots and has become a rising concern due to its detrimental impact on military combat effectiveness. The occurrence of NP is influenced by a variety of factors, but less attention has been paid to the association of NP with demographic, occupational, and cervical sagittal characteristics in this group. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of NP in Chinese male fighter pilots using a questionnaire and cervical sagittal measurements.

E3 ligase Trim35 inhibits LSD1 demethylase activity through K63-linked ubiquitination and enhances anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC.

Targeting lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) can improve tumor immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with elevated T cell infiltration and sensitize tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy. However, the lack of reliable biomarkers limits utilization of LSD1 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Here, we identify an E3 ligase, Trim35, as an effective biomarker for high activity of LSD1 to predict prognosis of LSD1-targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy.

BCL6 promotes a stem-like CD8 T cell program in cancer via antagonizing BLIMP1.

Overcoming CD8 T cell exhaustion is critical in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, an intratumor stem/progenitor-like CD8 T cell (T cell) population that mediates the persistence of antitumor responses has been defined, which can further develop into a terminally differentiated CD8 T cell (T cell) subpopulation with potent cytotoxic functions. T cells are the main responders to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, yet how extrinsic signals via transcription factors control T cell generation and persistence in tumors is unclear.

Return to active duty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in Chinese male military aircrews.

Background: Surgically treated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries may be a waivable condition and allow return to full flight status, but waivers are based on expert opinion rather than recent published data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate return to flight after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in male military aircrews with ACL injuries and to identify factors that affect flight clearance.

Method: A single-center retrospective review was conducted by the authors for all active-duty aircrew who underwent ACLR at an authorized military medical center from January 2010 to December 2019.

Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Ischemic Muscle Satellite Cells Affected by Peripheral Artery Disease-Brief Report.

Background: We hypothesized that transcriptomic profiling of muscle satellite cells in peripheral artery disease (PAD) would identify damage-related pathways contributing to skeletal muscle myopathy. We identified a potential role for ferroptosis-a form of programmed lytic cell death by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation-as one such pathway. Ferroptosis promotes myopathy in ischemic cardiac muscle but has an unknown role in PAD.

Does burning fat make tumor immune hot? Discovery of CD47 overexpression by radiation induced fatty acid oxidation.

Although extensively studied, it is unknown what is the major cellular energy driving tumor metastasis after anti-cancer radiotherapy. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the fundamental hallmarks in carcinogenesis and tumor progression featured with the increased glycolysis in solid tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to the rudimentary glycolytic pathway, tumor cells are capable of reactivating mitochondrial OXPHOS under genotoxic stress condition to meet the increasing cellular fuel demand for repairing and surviving anti-cancer radiation.

Acute limb ischemia secondary to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

Vaccine-associated thrombosis has previously been described in patients presenting with cerebral sinus thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism, or mesenteric venous thrombosis. Only recently has arterial thrombosis gained attention. A new entity known as vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has been associated with the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines produced by AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson.