While the significance of obtaining restful sleep at night and maintaining daytime alertness is well recognized for human performance and overall well-being, substantial variations exist in the development of sleepiness during diurnal waking periods. Despite the established roles of the hypothalamus and striatum in sleep-wake regulation, the specific contributions of this neural circuit in regulating individual sleep homeostasis remain elusive. This study utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and mathematical modeling to investigate the role of hypothalamus-striatum connectivity in subjective sleepiness variation in a cohort of 71 healthy adults under strictly controlled in-laboratory conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a prevalent postharvest disease of apple that limits their shelf life, resulting in significant economic losses. The use of antagonistic microorganisms has been shown to be an effective approach for managing postharvest diseases of fruit. In the present study, an endophytic yeast strain PGY-2 was isolated from apples and evaluated for its biocontrol efficacy against gray mold and its mechanisms of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArterial spin-labeled perfusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI are indispensable tools for noninvasive human brain imaging in clinical and cognitive neuroscience, yet concerns persist regarding the reliability and reproducibility of functional MRI findings. The circadian rhythm is known to play a significant role in physiological and psychological responses, leading to variability in brain function at different times of the day. Despite this, test-retest reliability of brain function across different times of the day remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe regenerative treatment of infectious vertical bone defects remains difficult and challenging today. Current clinical treatments are limited in their ability to control bacteria and infection, which is unfavorable for new bone formation and calls for a new type of material with excellent osteogenic and antibacterial properties. Here a multifunctional scaffold is synthesized that mimics natural bone nanostructures by incorporating silver nanowires into a hierarchical, intrafibrillar mineralized collagen matrix (IMC/AgNWs), to achieve the therapeutic goals of inhibiting bacterial activity and promoting infectious alveolar bone augmentation in rats and beagle dogs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApproximation biases of value functions are considered a key problem in reinforcement learning (RL). In particular, existing RL algorithms are hindered by overestimation and underestimation biases, i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHerein, an ion-exchange strategy is utilized to greatly improve the kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by Ru-modified CoNi- 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC)-metal organic framework nanosheets (Ru@CoNi-MOF). Due to the higher Ni active sites and lower electron transfer impedance, Ru@CoNi-MOF catalyst requires the overpotential as low as 47 and 279 mV, at a current density of 10 mA/cm toward HER and OER, respectively. Significantly, the mass activity of Ru@CoNi-MOF for HER and OER are 25.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80-85% of all lung cancers. Euphorbia kansui yielded 13-oxyingenol-dodecanoate (13OD), an ingenane-type diterpenoid, which had a strong cytotoxic effect on NSCLC cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRisk-taking is a common, complex, and multidimensional behavior construct that has significant implications for human health and well-being. Previous research has identified the neural mechanisms underlying risk-taking behavior in both adolescents and adults, yet the differences between adolescents' and adults' risk-taking in the brain remain elusive. This study firstly employs a comprehensive meta-analysis approach that includes 73 adult and 20 adolescent whole-brain experiments, incorporating observations from 1986 adults and 789 adolescents obtained from online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Neurosynth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA highly promising electrocatalyst has been designed and prepared for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). This involves incorporating well-dispersed Ir nanoparticles into a cobalt-based metal-organic framework known as Co-BPDC [Co(bpdc)(HO), BPDC: 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid]. Ir@Co-BPDC demonstrates exceptional HER activity in alkaline media, surpassing both commercial Pt/C and recent noble-metal catalysts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBone infection poses a major clinical challenge that can hinder patient recovery and exacerbate postoperative complications. This study has developed a bioactive composite scaffold through the co-assembly and intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen fibrils and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (IMC/ZnO). The IMC/ZnO exhibits bone-like hierarchical structures and enhances capabilities for osteogenesis, antibacterial activity, and bacteria-infected bone healing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Native bone tissue possesses an endogenous electroactive interface that induces stem cell differentiation and inhibits bacterial adhesion and activity. However, traditional bone substitutes have difficulty in reconstructing the electrical environment of bone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep loss impacts a broad range of brain and cognitive functions. However, how sleep deprivation affects risky decision-making remains inconclusive. This study used functional MRI to examine the impact of one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on risky decision-making behavior and the underlying brain responses in healthy adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Many studies have investigated the cognitive, emotional, and other impairments caused by sleep restriction. However, few studies have explored the relationship between cognitive performance and changes in sleep structure and electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep. The present study aimed to examine whether changes in sleep structure and EEG can account for cognitive impairment caused by sleep restriction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIngenane-type diterpenoids (ITDs) are distinct components of plants belonging to the genus . These compounds have significant cytotoxic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFluoroquinolone (FQ) is a type of widely used antibiotic in agriculture and aquaculture, and exposure to low doses of FQs may result in the transfer of resistance between animal and human pathogens. Based on the optimization of the operating parameters, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) standard curve was constructed for the simultaneous detection of 13 FQs, including enrofloxacin (ENR), ciprofloxacin (CIP), sarafloxacin (SAR), ofloxacin (OFL), norfloxacin (NOR), pefloxacin mesylate (PM), pefloxacin (PEF), enoxacin (ENX), marbofloxacin (MAR), fleroxacin (FLE), lomefloxacin (LOM), danofloxacin (DAN), and difloxacin (DIF). The limit of detection (LOD, computed as IC) and sensitivity (IC) of the ic-ELISA for ENR were 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
July 2022
A novel damage model for concrete has been developed, which can reflect the complex hysteresis phenomena of concrete under cyclic loading, as well as other nonlinear behaviors such as stress softening, stiffness degradation, and irreversible deformation. The model cleverly transforms the complex multiaxial stress state into a uniaxial state by equivalent strain, with few computational parameters and simple mathematical expression. The uniaxial tensile and compressive stress-strain curves matching the actual characteristics are used to accommodate the high asymmetry of concrete in tension and compression, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData are scarce regarding retrograde type A dissection (RTAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of patients who developed RTAD after TEVAR.From January 2015 to January 2020, 25 consecutive patients (aged 52 ± 11.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials with specific architectures have received increasing attention for both scientific and technological interests for their applications in catalysis, sensing, and energy conversion, etc. However, the development of an operable and simple method for the fabrication of 1D nanostructures remains a challenge. In this work, we developed an "anion-regulated morphology" strategy, in which anions could regulate the dimensionally-restricted anisotropic growth of ZnO nanomaterials by adjusting the surface energy of different growth facets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe demonstrate for the first time that seismic resonant multiples, usually considered as noise, can be used for super-resolution imaging in the far-field region of sources and receivers. Tests with both synthetic data and field data show that resonant multiples can image reflector boundaries with resolutions more than twice the classical resolution limit. Resolution increases with the order of the resonant multiples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
November 2015