Current CDC efforts to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS in the United States through information and education.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is estimated to have infected more than a million people in the United States and millions more in other countries. Even though there is no vaccine or effective treatment, HIV infection can be prevented through behavioral change. As the lead Public Health Service Agency for disease prevention, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has designed and implemented information and education activities with the ultimate goal of preventing HIV infection and AIDS in the United States.

Intergenerational occupational inheritance in the military: a reexamination.

Recent problems the military services have experienced in retaining sufficient personnel to meet growing manpower requirements are unlikely to diminish in the 1980s. As a consequence, it is vital that military decision makers understand the factors that influence career commitments of service members. Based on a stratified probability sample of Air Force married enlisted personnel and officers, this study reexamines the relationship between the military service patterns of fathers and the career intentions of their sons who enlist in military service.

THE EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION IN CASUARINA CUNNINGHAMIANA MIQ.

The effects of soil temperatures between 15 and 30°C on plant growth, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in seedlings of Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. inoculated with Frankia from two different sources were examined. The optimum soil temperature for the growth of plants dependent on symbiotic nitrogen fixation was 25°C.

Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. I. Historical aspects and description of study sites.

This is the introductory paper to a series on the ecology of arboviruses in Argentina. Epizootics of equine encephalitis have occurred since at least 1908, principally in the Pampa and Espinal biogeographic zones, with significant economic losses; human cases of encephalitis have been rare or absent. Both western equine and eastern equine encephalitis viruses have been isolated from horses during these epizootics, but the mosquitoes responsible for transmission have not been identified.

Arbovirus investigations in Argentina, 1977-1980. IV. Serologic surveys and sentinel equine program.

Serologic surveys of wild and domestic birds, wild mammals, and horses were conducted during arbovirus field studies in Argentina from 1977 through 1980, a non-epizootic interval. The prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was consistently higher than to western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus in all species and all areas. The presence of antibodies in short-lived avian species and in young unvaccinated horses and the demonstration of seroconversions in horses during the period, indicated that these viruses are either enzootic in, or annually reintroduced into, Argentina.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to nutrients in Caucasians and American Indians with obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), insulin, and glucose responses to either a 75-g oral glucose challenge or a 500-cal liquid test meal were determined in 141 Caucasians and American Indians. The Caucasians were normal weight, averaging 101 +/- 3% (+/-SEM) ideal BW (IBW), or were obese (168 +/- 21% IBW) and had normal glucose tolerance (n = 77), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 12), or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; n = 19). The American Indians were all obese (144 +/- 6% IBW) and had either normal glucose tolerance (n = 22) or NIDDM (n = 11).

Surveillance of Lyme disease in the United States, 1982.

Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that has been reported from three regions in the United States--the Northeast, Midwest, and West--which correspond to the distribution of the recognized vectors of the disease, Ixodes dammini and Ixodes pacificus. In 1982, a surveillance system designed to define the morbidity and geographic distribution for Lyme disease by using a clinical case definition received information on 491 definite cases and 38 probable cases. Of the definite cases, 489 were acquired in endemic areas of the Northeast or Midwest; one case was acquired in Utah and one in western Pennsylvania, two areas where the illness had not been previously reported.

A focus of Lyme disease in Monmouth County, New Jersey.

An endemic focus of Lyme disease is present in Colt's Neck, Howell, Freehold, and Wall Townships in Monmouth County, New Jersey. Cases of Lyme disease have occurred in this area from 1978 to 1982. Fifty-seven of the 117 persons (49%) who acquired their infection in New Jersey from 1978 to 1982 live or work in these four townships, whose population of 82,491 is only 1.

A field study on the effects of Fort Morgan virus, an arbovirus transmitted by swallow bugs, on the reproductive success of cliff swallows and symbiotic house sparrows in Morgan County, Colorado, 1976.

We studied the transmission of Fort Morgan (FM) virus within colonies of nesting Cliff Swallows and House Sparrows under three bridges in Morgan County, Colorado during 1976. Nests were examined, and blood or brain specimens were collected from nestlings once or twice a week. Flying birds and small mammals were also studied.

Lyme disease in New Jersey, 1978-1982.

From 1978 to 1982, 117 cases of Lyme disease were reported in New Jersey. The number of cases increased each year from four in 1978 and 1979 to 56 in 1982. Forty-eight percent of cases occurred in a four-township area in central Monmouth County.

Geographical distribution and density of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) and relationship to Lyme disease transmission in New Jersey.

As part of continuing studies of Lyme disease, deer were surveyed during three hunting seasons in 1981 to obtain information on geographic distribution and density of I. dammini in New Jersey. I.

Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of Lyme disease in New Jersey.

Amblyomma americanum is a likely secondary vector of Lyme disease in New Jersey. Ticks of this species were removed from the site of the characteristic skin lesion known as erythema chronicum migrans on two patients with the disease, and the Lyme disease spirochete was isolated from nymphs and adults of this species. That A.

Clinical manifestations and descriptive epidemiology of Lyme disease in New Jersey, 1978 to 1982.

Clinical manifestations and epidemiologic characteristics of 117 cases (31 children and 86 adults) of Lyme disease in New Jersey from 1978 to 1982 are summarized. The male-female sex ratio was 1.9:1.

Lyme disease: a selective medium for isolation of the suspected etiological agent, a spirochete.

A simple procedure with a new selective culture medium for the isolation of the suspected etiological agent of Lyme disease from ticks is described. Live ticks (Ixodes dammini) were ground with a mortar and pestle, and the suspensions were inoculated into a selective and nonselective medium. The selective medium, which contained kanamycin and 5-fluorouracil, yielded positive spirochete cultures from 100% of the pooled ticks and from 79% of the single tick specimens.

Evaluation of the U.S. Air Force Family Support Center Program.

This article provides an overview of the implementation and evaluation of Family Support Centers (FSC) in the U.S. Air Force.

Epidemic of meningitis and febrile illness in neonates caused by ECHO type 11 virus in Philadelphia.

Between April and November, 1980, an outbreak of meningitis and of febrile illness of neonates caused by ECHO 11 virus occurred in Philadelphia and surrounding communities. Thirty-eight virologically confirmed and ten virologically presumptive cases of meningitis were hospitalized in two Philadelphia hospitals for children. Most patients had fever and irritability.

Hepatitis A associated with a hardware store water fountain and a contaminated well in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1980.

In August-October 1980, a sudden increase occurred in the number of cases of jaundice reported among residents of a rural, agricultural section of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Investigation confirmed the cases as hepatitis A and showed that the outbreak was associated with consumption of water from a water fountain in a hardware store and water from the adjacent family home, both of which came from a well contaminated with feces. A total of 49 cases occurred from August 11 to October 21 in store customers, employees, family members, and persons visiting the family residence.

The ecology of Colorado tick fever in Rocky Mountain National Park in 1974. II. Infection in small mammals.

Field studies of Colorado tick fever (CTF) in small mammals in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in 1974 established that Eutamias minimus and Spermophilus lateralis were the most important hosts for CTF virus and were the source of virus for immature stages of the tick vector, Dermacentor andersoni. Other species (Peromyscus maniculatus, Spermophilus richardsonii, Eutamias umbrinus) are secondary hosts. The intensity of viral activity in rodents varied greatly from locality to locality.