Muscle Health & Fatty Infiltration with Advanced Rotator Cuff Pathology.

Purpose Of Review: Fatty infiltration (FI) of the rotator cuff is a critical determinant of clinical outcomes following rotator cuff injuries and repairs. This review examines the natural history, pathophysiology, imaging evaluation, and treatment strategies for FI, highlighting recent insights into its cellular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Recent Findings: Animal models demonstrate that FI begins shortly after tendon injury, progresses with muscle retraction and denervation, and is largely irreversible despite repair.

Mortality after prison release in England and Wales, 2019-2021: A comparative analysis of cause-specific death rates and risk profiles.

Background: Mortality risk is elevated among people released from prison; however, comprehensive analyses of cause-specific death patterns and associated factors remain limited.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analysed 1,511 deaths of people under post-release supervision in England and Wales (2019-2021) using standardised ICD-10 mortality classifications. For the 12-month post-release period, crude mortality rates (CMRs), age-standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and temporal patterns were calculated.

'Suffering for the Sins of Others': Lucius D. Bulkley, , and Disease Destigmatisation in the Progressive Era United States.

Historical research on efforts to reduce the stigma associated with venereal disease (VD) generally dates these campaigns back to the 1930s. Within the United States, one of the earliest attempts to detach VD from its traditional association with sexual immorality occurred during the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century, when the New York City dermatologist Lucius Bulkley coined the term ('syphilis of the innocent') in the hopes of demonstrating that many of those who contracted this disease did so through non-sexual contact. Gaining widespread acceptance within the medical community, Bulkley's ideas served as the intellectual foundation for a discursive assault on the prevailing belief that syphilis constituted the 'wages of sin'-one designed to destigmatise the disease and to promote more scientific responses to it.

Fraud detection in healthcare claims using machine learning: A systematic review.

Objective: Identifying fraud in healthcare programs is crucial, as an estimated 3%-10% of the total healthcare expenditures are lost to fraudulent activities. This study presents a systematic literature review of machine learning techniques applied to fraud detection in health insurance claims. We aim to analyze the data and methodologies documented in the literature over the past two decades, providing insights into research challenges and opportunities.

A Comprehensive Review of Topography and Axon Counts in Upper-Extremity Peripheral Nerves: A Guide for Neurotization.

Purpose: Currently, no comprehensive database detailing topography and axon counts exists. This study aims to review the axon counts and topography of the major peripheral motor nerves of the upper extremity to allow for optimal surgical planning for peripheral nerve reconstruction via neurotization.

Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles were identified through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL.

An uncommon cause of penetrating brain injury: two cases of nail gun injuries. Illustrative cases.

Background: Low-velocity penetrating brain injury (PBI) is an uncommon variant of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients affected by PBI can present with highly variable injury patterns, which, along with guideline-directed TBI care, may require the employment of unique operative management strategies. There are no strict guidelines for the management of low-velocity penetrating injuries.

Managing Health Without Stable Housing: Dimensions of Treatment Burden and Patient Capacity for People With Chronic Health Conditions Experiencing Homelessness.

Although chronic health conditions and homelessness are prevalent problems in the United States and globally, little research has used the lens of burden of treatment theory to examine the experiences of people facing these challenges simultaneously. This study aimed to illuminate dimensions of treatment burden, which refers to the work of being a patient with chronic conditions, and patient capacity to manage this burden in a sample of people experiencing homelessness and chronic health problems in Buffalo, New York, United States. We completed in-depth interviews with men and women recruited from a homelessness services organization ( = 27) and applied core concepts from burden of treatment theory to our analysis to probe how participants navigated tasks related to treatment and self-care.

Assessing NIAAA's Definition of Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder: A Latent Class Analysis of a Heterogeneous Online Sample.

NIAAA's 2022 definition of recovery from alcohol use disorder (AUD) includes two core components, remission of DSM-5 AUD criteria and cessation of heavy drinking. This study's purpose was to assess patterns of AUD symptoms and heavy drinking in a heterogeneous national sample, in order to clarify the utility of the definition. Participants who self-reported having resolved an alcohol problem for at least six months were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (=386) and surveyed about their problem severity, current drinking, and AUD symptomology.

Housing for care, connection, and health equity.

Researchers and policymakers have used a four-pillar framework- condition, consistency, context, and cost-to describe the characteristics of housing that are important for health equity. We propose adding a fifth pillar: care and connection. Housing for care and connection refers to the housing design, institutional policies, and housing programs that strengthen social connections, caregiving relationships, access to resources, and a sense of self in community.

Recovery capital profiles among a heterogeneous sample of individuals in recovery from alcohol problems.

Objective: Recovery capital (RC) is a framework for conceptualizing the resources individuals use to support alcohol and other drug recovery across social, physical, human, and cultural domains. The goal of this study was to identify subgroups of individuals in recovery with distinct combinations of RC across domains and characteristics of individuals with unique RC patterns.

Method: Latent profile analyses investigated patterns in both within-domain amount and variability of RC across each of the four domains using the Multidimensional Inventory of Recovery Capital, a theoretically and psychometrically sound RC measure.

Surgical Management of Iatrogenic Mercury Poisoning From Subcutaneous Injection Into the Arm.

Background: Mercury, an element with threats of severe toxic insult to humans and no biological function, has a surprisingly extensive record of human exposure. Regardless of hesitancies toward its harmfulness, it has been historically identified with an almost supernatural power to provide protection from evil and sickness, give good fortune, lend aid in athletic undertakings, or even allow one to achieve immortality. Mercury poisoning is an iatrogenic disease even today as people attempt to achieve these effects through volitional injections into their body by practitioners.

We Rely on Relationships: Homeless Service Providers' Experiences in Coordinating Care Transitions During COVID-19.

Purpose Of Study: Care coordination occurring across multiple sectors of care, such as when professionals in health or social service organizations collaborate to transition patients from hospitals to community-based settings like homeless shelters, happens regularly in practice. While health services research is full of studies on the experiences of case management and care coordination professionals within health care settings, few studies highlight the perspective of nonclinical homeless service providers (HSPs) in coordinating care transitions.

Primary Practice Setting: This study explores the experience of nonclinical HSPs, employed in a large homeless service agency in New York, United States, responsible for coordinating care transitions of patients presenting to a homeless shelter after hospitalization, with attention to COVID-19 impact.

Design of a Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Radiopharmaceutical Therapy with High Tumor-to-Healthy-Tissue Ratios.

Because of upregulated expression on cancer-associated fibroblasts, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has emerged as an attractive biomarker for the imaging and therapy of solid tumors. Although many FAP ligands have already been developed for radiopharmaceutical therapies (RPTs), most suffer from inadequate tumor uptake, insufficient tumor residence times, or off-target accumulation in healthy tissues, suggesting a need for further improvements. A new FAP-targeted RPT with a novel ligand (FAP8-PEG-IP-DOTA) was designed by combining the desirable features of several previous ligand-targeted RPTs.

Contrasting consequences of podocyte insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor inhibition.

Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte via the insulin receptor (IR) is critical for kidney function. In this study we show that near-complete knockout of the closely related insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in podocytes is detrimental, resulting in albuminuria and podocyte cell death . In contrast, partial podocyte IGF1R knockdown confers protection against doxorubicin-induced podocyte injury.

Understanding the psychological impact of identifying carrier status on young adults: A qualitative study exploring peer reactions.

The benefits and harms of identifying carriers in childhood have long been debated with European Guidelines advising against this practice. Yet over a thousand carriers are identified via newborn bloodspot screening per year in the United Kingdom alone. One of the concerns about identification is the impact it has on an individual's identity.

An Update on Orthobiologics: Cautious Optimism.

Orthobiologics are rapidly growing in use given their potential to augment healing for multiple musculoskeletal conditions. Orthobiologics consist of a variety of treatments including platelet-rich plasma and stem cells that provide conceptual appeal in providing local delivery of growth factors and inflammation modulation. The lack of standardization in nomenclature and applications within the literature has led to a paucity of high-quality evidence to support their frequent use.

Exosomes from Von Hippel-Lindau-Null Cancer Cells Promote Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that modulate essential physiological and pathological signals. Communication between cancer cells that express the tumor suppressor gene and those that do not is instrumental to distant metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In a novel metastasis model, VHL(-) cancer cells are the metastatic driver, while VHL(+) cells receive metastatic signals from VHL(-) cells and undergo aggressive transformation.

Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonism alters astrocyte phagocytic activity and has potential applications to psychiatric disease.

Schizophrenia is a debilitating condition necessitating more efficacious therapies. Previous studies suggested that schizophrenia development is associated with aberrant synaptic pruning by glial cells. We pursued an interdisciplinary approach to understand whether therapeutic reduction in glial cell-specifically astrocytic-phagocytosis might benefit neuropsychiatric patients.

Mobile Affinity Selection Chromatography Analysis of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies.

Federal regulatory agencies require continuous verification of recombinant therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) quality that is commonly achieved in a two-step process. First, the host-cell proteome and metabolome are removed from the production medium by protein A affinity chromatography. Second, following recovery from the affinity column with an acidic wash, mAb quality is assessed in multiple ways by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Procedure code overutilization detection from healthcare claims using unsupervised deep learning methods.

Background: Fraud, Waste, and Abuse (FWA) in medical claims have a negative impact on the quality and cost of healthcare. A major component of FWA in claims is procedure code overutilization, where one or more prescribed procedures may not be relevant to a given diagnosis and patient profile, resulting in unnecessary and unwarranted treatments and medical payments. This study aims to identify such unwarranted procedures from millions of healthcare claims.