Hydrogeochemical mineral exploration in deeply weathered terrains: An example from Mumbwa, Zambia.

Locating mineral deposits in areas of thick or transported overburden is notoriously difficult. Post-mineral cover is prevalent in many parts of the globe and has led to prospective geological sequences being missed by traditional methods of exploration. Hydrogeochemistry is particularly applicable for the exploration of Iron Oxide Copper Gold (IOCG) deposits because, when compared to larger porphyry or sediment-hosted systems, IOCG deposits tend to be smaller and high-grade with a limited lateral footprint to intersect with grid-drilling; groundwater interactions and ion dispersion tend to produce a much larger anomaly target than regolith geochemistry alone and require fewer samples.

Ocular findings in glutaric aciduria type 1.

Purpose: To determine the nature and course of ocular abnormalities in glutaric aciduria (acidemia) type 1 (GA1).

Methods: Fifteen children with GA1 have been studied in the Republic of Ireland. A retrospective review of the records of the 6 children who died during their illness and prospective clinical examination of 9 survivors were performed.

Intraocular lenses in children: changes in axial length, corneal curvature, and refraction.

Aim: To assess changes in axial length, corneal curvature, and refraction in paediatric pseudophakia.

Methods: 35 eyes of 24 patients with congenital or developmental lens opacities underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Serial measurements were made of axial length, corneal curvature, objective refraction, and visual acuity.

Congenital ptosis: longterm results using stored fascia lata.

Purpose: Frontalis brow suspension, using stored donor fascia lata, allows early correction of severe congenital ptosis. We report longterm results of 18 patients, (29 ptotic eyelids).

Methods: Patient records were retrospectively reviewed.

Uniocular childhood blindness: a prospective study.

Purpose: This prospective study examines uniocular blindness among children younger than 16 attending a large pediatric ophthalmology department. The aim was to identify the causes of uniocular blindness and determine how much is preventable. We defined blindness according to the World Health Organization definition of vision worse than or equal to 3/60.

Binocular function and amblyopia after early surgery in infantile eosotropia.

We report on binocular function and amblyopia in children who had surgery for infantile eosotropia in the first 24 months of life. Fourteen (56%) achieved peripheral fusion and no child obtained high grade stereopsis. Following surgery and treatment for amblyopia 20% remained amblyopic.

Outcome and complications of intraocular lenses in children with cataract.

Purpose: To assess prospectively the complications and changes in refraction, axial length, and keratometry after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children with congenital, developmental, and traumatic cataracts.

Setting: The Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Methods: The study comprised 24 eyes of 20 patients, aged 4 weeks to 12 years, who had extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber IOL implantation.

Long-term follow up of primary trabeculectomy for infantile glaucoma.

Background: The treatment for infantile glaucoma is surgical. Treatment options include goniotomy, trabeculotomy, combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy, and trabeculectomy.

Methods: Patients who had a follow up of 5 years or longer after primary trabeculectomy were examined to determine the long term stability in infantile glaucoma.

Advanced cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity--outcome and complications.

Aims: To assess the outcome and complications of patients with advanced retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: All patients with eyes achieving stage 4 or 5 retinopathy of prematurity were reviewed. Twenty one eyes were diagnosed during ROP screening in maternity hospitals and 10 eyes were of infants transferred for treatment.

Intellectual and educational attainment in albinism.

We studied the intellectual and educational ability of a group of 18 albino children as compared with that of a group of demographically matched controls. Intellectual ability was measured using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and educational ability was measured by the reading, spelling, and arithmetic tests of the Wide Range Achievement Test. There was no statistically significant difference in intelligence of the two groups.

Childhood penetrating eye injuries.

We reviewed 41 children with penetrating eye injuries from birth to 15 years of age between August 1982 to May 1990. Male to female ratio was 3.56:1.

Mineral status of soils and forage in the Mole National Park, Ghana and implications for wildlife nutrition.

Geochemical mapping of soils and selected plant species has been carried out in the Mole National Park, Ghana. The distribution of the essential nutrients: cobalt, copper and manganese is largely controlled by bedrock geology, while the geochemical dispersion of Ca, I, Fe, Mg, Mo, P, K, Se, Na and Zn has been modified by soil and hydromorphic processes. From selective extraction experiments, Fe, Mn and Co are found to be largely fixed in the soil mineral fraction.

Management of congenital dacryocele.

Congenital dacryocele is a distension of the naso-lacrimal sac usually present at birth or in the first three months of life. It occurs commonly in females and may present with dacryocystitis. Treatment includes probing and antibiotics if infection is present.

Ophthalmic findings in classical galactosaemia--prospective study.

Thirty three children with classical galactosaemia diagnosed through newborn screening are considered. It is concluded that cataract formation has a direct relationship with poor dietary control. Erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate (Gal-1-P) levels do not correspond to cataract formation unless many times higher than normal.

Ocular manifestations in fetal alcohol syndrome.

Eight children with the fetal alcohol syndrome are described with ocular anomalies. They all had a strong history of maternal alcohol abuse throughout pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. All the children had eye abnormalities.

Optic nerve hypoplasia, encephalopathy, and neurodevelopmental handicap.

Abnormalities of the central nervous system are frequently described in optic nerve hypoplasia. In a longitudinal study of 46 consecutive children (32 term, 14 preterm) with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia 32 (69.5%) had associated neurodevelopmental handicap.

Ophthalmic findings in maple syrup urine disease.

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of branched chain amino acid metabolism with an incidence in Ireland of one in 140,154 births. Ocular complications in untreated or late diagnosed patients includes optic atrophy, grey optic papilla, nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, strabismus and cortical blindness. Seven patients with maple syrup urine disease were studied.

Childhood blindness.

Eighty five visually handicapped children who attended the eye department were assessed. The children had a mean age of 3.6 years--range 0.

Ophthalmic findings in classical galactosemia--a screened population.

Classical galactosemia due to a deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl transferase, is an autosomal recessive disorder of galactose metabolism with an incidence in Ireland of one in 30,000 births. It can result in cataract formation through the accumulation of galactitol within the lens. Seventeen children with transferase deficient galactosemia were studied.

Ocular complications in homocystinuria--early and late treated.

Homocystinuria due to cystathionine-beta-synthetase deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of methionine metabolism with an incidence in Ireland of 1 in 52,544 births. Ocular complications in untreated patients include ectopia lentis, secondary glaucoma, optic atrophy, and retinal detachment. There are no characteristic signs or symptoms in infancy, and early detection relies on screening of newborn babies.

Primary trabeculectomy in congenital glaucoma.

The reported success rates in the treatment of congenital glaucoma with goniotomy, trabeculotomy, and trabeculectomy suggest that trabeculectomy should be performed if the other procedures fail. We propose that the decision to perform primary trabeculectomy in primary and secondary congenital glaucoma reduces the effect which the many variable findings in surgical anatomy may have on the outcome of other procedures. This is a retrospective study of the results of primary trabeculectomy in 21 consecutive eyes of 15 patients with congenital glaucoma.

Proteus syndrome: ocular complications.

Proteus syndrome is a recently recognized hamartoneoplastic malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology and variable expression, whose cardinal manifestations are pigmented nevi, hemihypertrophy, macrodactly, lipomata, and cerebroid-gyriform configuration of the skin on the soles of the feet. The characteristic features may be present at birth but become more apparent with time. In the past this syndrome has been confused with other overgrowth disorders such as neurofibromatosis, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, Maffucci syndrome, and Bannayan syndrome.