Five Weeks of Aquatic-Calisthenic High Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition in Sedentary Young Adults.

Aquatic exercise may be better tolerated by sedentary, overweight individuals than land-based exercise. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of five weeks of aquatic high-intensity interval training (AHIIT) using standard calisthenic pool exercises, on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in sedentary young adults. Eleven college-age participants (9 women, 2 men) completed 15 exercise sessions that included three sessions per week for five weeks.

Effects of prolonged exercise on agouti-related protein: a pilot study.

Agouti-related protein (AgRP), is a signaling peptide that affects feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and has also been shown to stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 90 min of treadmill exercise on circulating AgRP concentrations and the relationship of AgRP responses to cortisol. Seven young males completed a preliminary trial followed by counterbalanced experimental and control trials 4-5 weeks apart.

Thermoregulatory responses to layered personal protective clothing: practical implications for oil spill clean-up and remediation.

Many jobs in toxic environments and in less than ideal surroundings, such as oil spill remediation, require the use of 2 layers of personal protective equipment (PPE) to maximize worker safety. This study was designed to assess physiological and subjective responses while working in a single-layer (SL) or double-layer (DL) ensemble during a continuous work protocol in a hot environment of 31 °C WBGT. Eleven men in a repeated-measures design performed 2 counterbalanced work-bouts at a time-weighted work rate of 300 kcal/h.

Amylin and selective glucoregulatory peptide alterations during prolonged exercise.

Unlabelled: Amylin is a pancreatic β-cell peptide that facilitates the regulation of blood glucose concentration by inhibiting release of glucagon and modulating gastric emptying. Prolonged exercise may alter amylin and aid in the maintenance of blood glucose concentration; however, no studies have investigated the effects of prolonged exercise on amylin.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of 90 min of treadmill exercise on amylin and other glucoregulatory hormone responses in a postprandial state.

Relationship of intramyocellular lipid to insulin sensitivity may differ with ethnicity in healthy girls and women.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is greater among African Americans (AA) vs. European Americans (EA), independent of obesity and lifestyle. We tested the hypothesis that intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) or extramycellular lipid (EMCL) would be associated with insulin sensitivity among healthy young women, and that the associations would differ with ethnic background.

Resistance training conserves fat-free mass and resting energy expenditure following weight loss.

Objective: To determine what effect diet-induced approximately 12 kg weight loss in combination with exercise training has on body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in premenopausal African-American (AA) and European-American (EA) women.

Methods And Procedures: This study was a longitudinal, randomized weight loss clinical intervention, with either aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), or no exercise training (NT). Forty-eight AA and forty-six EA premenopausal overweight (BMI between 27 and 30) women underwent weight loss to a BMI<25.

Relationship between metabolic function and skeletal muscle fatigue during a 90 s maximal isometric contraction.

Little is known concerning the contributions of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), anaerobic glycolytic rate (AnGly), maximum creatine kinase (CK) activity, and metabolic economy (ME) on fatigue resistance. The purpose of this study was to model fatigue using muscle tissue metabolic measures during a maximal short-duration isometric contraction. Muscle metabolic function was measured with [31P]-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 54 premenopausal women (age: 33.

Increased resting energy expenditure after 40 minutes of aerobic but not resistance exercise.

Objective: Resting energy expenditure (REE) is increased 24 hours after high-intensity aerobic exercise lasting 60 minutes, whereas results have been inconsistent after resistance training and aerobic exercise of shorter duration. The objective of the study was to compare the effects of 40 minutes of high-intensity aerobic vs. resistance exercise on REE 19 to 67 hours after exercise.

Muscle metabolic function and free-living physical activity.

We have previously shown that muscle metabolic function measured during exercise is related to exercise performance and subsequent 1-yr weight gain. Because it is well established that physical activity is important in weight maintenance, we examined muscle function relationships with free-living energy expenditure and physical activity. Subjects were 71 premenopausal black and white women.

Relationship between insulin sensitivity and in vivo mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle.

Recent data have shown that individuals with low insulin sensitivity (S(I)) also have reduced whole body maximal oxygen uptake. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) whether muscle mitochondrial function was independently related to S(I) after being adjusted for known determinants of S(I) and 2) whether lower S(I) among African-American (AA) vs. Caucasian-American (CA) women was due to lower muscle mitochondrial function among AA women.

Comparison of self-reported with objectively assessed energy expenditure in black and white women before and after weight loss.

Background: Weight maintenance is less successful in black women than in white women after weight loss.

Objective: We compared objectively assessed total energy expenditure (TEE) with estimates of energy expenditure (EE) from self-reported physical activity (PA) in overweight black and white women before and after weight loss. We also compared those values with values in never-overweight control subjects.