Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on Ultra-low Dose Chest Computed Tomography With Deep-learning Image Reconstruction Algorithm.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of ultra-low dose (ULD) chest computed tomography (CT), with a radiation exposure equivalent to a 2-view chest x-ray, for pulmonary nodule detection using deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR).

Material And Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 60 patients referred to our institution for assessment or follow-up of solid pulmonary nodules. All patients underwent low-dose (LD) and ULD chest CT within the same examination session.

Acute pancreatitis and computed tomography: Interest of portal venous phase alone in the initial phase.

Background: There are no guidelines in the literature for the use of a computed tomography (CT) protocol in the initial phase of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of single portal venous phase CT compared to triple-phase CT protocol, performed in the initial phase of AP for severity assessment.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 175 patients with acute pancreatitis who underwent initial triple-phase CT protocol (non-contrast, arterial phase, and portal venous phase) between D3 and D7 after the onset of symptoms were included.

Detection of urinary tract stones on submillisievert abdominopelvic CT imaging with deep-learning image reconstruction algorithm (DLIR).

Purpose: Urolithiasis is a chronic condition that leads to repeated CT scans throughout the patient's life. The goal was to assess the diagnostic performance and image quality of submillisievert abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) using deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) in urolithiasis.

Methods: 57 patients with suspected urolithiasis underwent both non-contrast low-dose (LD) and ULD abdominopelvic CT.

Prospective Comparison of Free-Breathing Accelerated Cine Deep Learning Reconstruction Versus Standard Breath-Hold Cardiac MRI Sequences in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease.

Cine cardiac MRI sequences require repeated breath-holds, which can be difficult for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). The purpose of the study was to compare a free-breathing accelerated cine sequence using deep learning (DL) reconstruction and a standard breath-hold cine sequence in terms of image quality and left ventricular (LV) measurements in patients with IHD undergoing cardiac MRI. This prospective study included patients undergoing 1.

Robotically assisted deployment of flow diverter stents for the treatment of cerebral and cervical aneurysms.

Background: Despite the growing sophistication of robot-assisted surgery, it is necessary to demonstrate that robots can reliably perform complex procedures on site and then remotely. Although a flow diverter stent is one of the most effective and widely used devices, its placement is sometimes challenging.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the CorPath GRX robotic platform for the embolization of cerebral and cervical aneurysms using flow diverter stents.

Interchangeability of right ventricular longitudinal shortening fraction assessed by transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography in the perioperative setting: A prospective study.

Background: Conventional transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) parameters assessing right ventricle (RV) systolic function are daily used assuming their clinical interchangeability. RV longitudinal shortening fraction (RV-LSF) is a two-dimensional speckle tracking parameter used to assess RV systolic function. RV-LSF is based on tricuspid annular displacement analysis and could be measured with TTE or TEE.

Phantom study of an in-house amplitude-gating respiratory method with silicon photomultiplier technology positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Purpose: The objective of this phantom study was to determine whether breathing-synchronized, silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)-based PET/CT has a suitable acquisition time for routine clinical use.

Methods: Acquisitions were performed in list mode on a 4-ring SiPM-based PET/CT system. The experimental setup consisted of an external respiratory tracking device placed on a commercial dynamic thorax phantom containing a sphere filled with [F-18]-fluorodeoxyglucose.

Portal Vein Pulsatility Index as a Potential Risk of Venous Congestion Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Prospective Study on Healthy Volunteers.

High values of the portal vein pulsatility index (PI) have been associated with adverse outcomes in perioperative or critically ill patients. However, data on dynamic changes of PI related to fluid infusion are scarce. We aimed to determine if dynamic changes in PI are associated with the fluid challenge (FC).

Pulmonary emphysema quantification at low dose chest CT using Deep Learning image reconstruction.

Purpose: Quantitative analysis of emphysema volume is affected by the radiation dose and the CT reconstruction technique. We aim to evaluate the influence of a commercially available deep learning image reconstruction algorithm (DLIR) on the quantification of pulmonary emphysema in low-dose chest CT.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of low dose chest CT scans in 54 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Diagnostic performance and image quality of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) on unenhanced low-dose abdominal CT for urolithiasis.

Background: Patients with urolithiasis undergo radiation overexposure from computed tomography (CT) scans. Improvement of image reconstruction is necessary for radiation dose reduction.

Purpose: To evaluate a deep learning-based reconstruction algorithm for CT (DLIR) in the detection of urolithiasis at low-dose non-enhanced abdominopelvic CT.

Diffusion and Flow MR Imaging to Investigate Hydrocephalus Patients Before and After Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy.

Introduction: In patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, dilation of the ventricles stresses white matter fibers and alters the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The purpose of this work was to investigate, non-invasively, how endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) impacts white matter, CSF oscillations, and CBF.

Methods: Eleven patients presenting with chronic headaches and noncommunicating hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis were treated by ETV.

A novel technique to perform cerebral angiography via the left radial approach: An 80 patients series.

Purpose: To demonstrate that left radial access for diagnostic cerebral angiography with Extra backup and 4F vertebral catheters is feasible and safe.

Materials And Methods: This study is a retrospective review of our prospective database on left radial access for cerebral angiography procedures, using an extra backup catheter associated with a 4Fr vertebral catheter, performed between March and September 2019. Patient demographics, procedural and radiographic metrics as well as clinical data were recorded.

Distal radial access for cerebral aneurysm embolization.

Objectives: To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of distal radial access for embolization of ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Methods: This study is a retrospective review of our prospective cerebral aneurysm embolization database. Between January and September 2019, distal radial access was considered for consecutive subjects addressed for cerebral aneurysm embolization at our institution.

Ophthalmic Artery and Superior Ophthalmic Vein Blood Flow Dynamics in Glaucoma Investigated by Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Precis: Ophthalmic artery (OA) and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) blood flow were quantified by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) and seemed lower in glaucoma. Venous flow dynamics was different in glaucoma patients with a significantly decreased pulsatility.

Introduction: Studies using color Doppler imaging and optical coherence tomography flowmetry strongly suggested that vascular changes are involved in the pathophysiology of glaucoma, but the venous outflow has been little studied beyond the episcleral veins.

MRI Assessment of Right Ventricular Volumes and Function in Patients With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Using kat-ARC Accelerated Sequences.

The objective of our study was to assess the accuracy and reproducibility of right ventricular volumes and function measurements in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot using two k-adaptive-t autocalibrating reconstruction for cartesian sampling (kat-ARC) accelerated sequences: a morphologic 3D cine sequence and a functional free-breathing 4D flow sequence. Seventeen patients who underwent cardiac MRI with gadolinium injection as part of follow-up of repaired tetralogy of Fallot from March 2017 to July 2018 were prospectively included in the initial study population; the final study cohort was composed of 15 of the 17 patients. Ventricle volume measurements were performed on a 3D cine kat-ARC sequence, a 4D flow kat-ARC sequence, and a 2D cine balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence.

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous transhepatic-endoscopic rendezvous procedure in a single session.

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of PTE-RV performed in a single session.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of a prospective database on ERCP between January 2014 and December 2018. PTE-RV was performed in case of second ERCP failure.

Direct aspiration for thrombectomy in ischemic stroke: Impact of dwell time.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of dwell time on the efficacy of the direct aspiration thrombectomy in ischemic stroke.

Methods: The study is a review of our prospective cerebral thrombectomy database of subjects admitted from January to December 2017. We performed direct aspiration with 2 min dwell time as recommended by the manufacturer (group 1) and 5 min dwell time (group 2) between January-June and July-December, respectively.

3D C-Arm cone beam CT for targeting the portal vein during TIPS: Initial clinical experience.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and usefulness of 3D CBCT with a new injection protocol for targeting the portal vein during TIPS and to determine if it allows decreasing the duration of the procedure.

Materials And Methods: 3D CBCT was obtained during creation of TIPS in 15 patients (group 2). Portogram quality score was defined using a 5 points scale.

Quantification of blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI), a validated, non-invasive technique for measuring intracranial blood and cerebrospinal flows, has been recently applied to studies of blood flow of the ophthalmic artery (OA). This study evaluated PC-MRI's ability to quantify blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV). We analyzed with 3 T PC MRI the blood flow in the SOV in 11 healthy subjects and, for comparison purpose, in the OA.

Safety and Efficacy of Femoral Artery Closure with the FemoSeal Device After Cerebral Thrombectomy Using an 8 French Sheath.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of using the FemoSeal vascular closure device (VCD) to seal 8F access sites during mechanical thrombectomy for stroke.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospective database was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of femoral arterial closure using FemoSeal device in all patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy using an 8F sheath between January 2015 and July 2017. Efficacy endpoints were the successful deployment of the system and haemostasis success.

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Cerebral Blood Flows in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Objectives: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood flows have a strong relationship during a cardiac cycle. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a pathology that seems to present hemodynamic and hydrodynamic disturbance. The aim of this study was to establish CSF and blood interaction in IIH.

Benefits of respiratory-gated 18F-FDG PET acquisition in lung disease.

Background: Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) is a reliable imaging modality for the diagnosis of malignant lung nodules and to assess the latter's prognosis. However, physiological respiratory motion deteriorates PET images and thus decreases the technique's diagnostic and prognostic values. This issue can be overcome by applying respiratory gating to the F-FDG PET/CT acquisitions.

Effect of tomographic operator inaccuracies and respiratory motion on PET/CT lung nodule images smearing.

Background: In thoracic PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging, uptake foci usually appear smeared because of postreconstruction smoothing and respiratory motion.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the respective contributions of the reconstruction process and respiratory motion on PET/CT images.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-one pulmonary lesions were studied.