Corrigendum: Improved diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and prediction and monitoring of response to anti-TNF alpha treatment based on measurement of signal transduction pathway activity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Improved diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease and prediction and monitoring of response to anti-TNF alpha treatment based on measurement of signal transduction pathway activity.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two subtypes of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Differential diagnosis remains a challenge. Anti-TNFα treatment is an important treatment for IBD, yet resistance frequently occurs and cannot be predicted.

Radial spin echo small-angle neutron scattering method: concept and performance.

A novel spin echo small-angle neutron scattering (SESANS) concept based on a rotationally symmetric magnetic field geometry is introduced. The proposed method is similar to the conventional linear SESANS technique but uses longitudinal precession fields and field gradients in a radial direction, as typically found in neutron spin echo (NSE) spectrometers. Radial SESANS could thus be implemented as an add-on to NSE setups.

Androgen Receptor Pathway Activity Assay for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prediction of Favorable Prognosis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of a bacterial infection. It is hard to predict which patients with a bacterial infection will develop sepsis, and accurate and timely diagnosis as well as assessment of prognosis is difficult. Aside from antibiotics-based treatment of the causative infection and supportive measures, treatment options have remained limited.

Simulations of foil-based spin-echo (modulated) small-angle neutron scattering with a sample using .

For the further development of spin-echo techniques to label elastic scattering it is necessary to perform simulations of the Larmor precession of neutron spins in a magnetic field. The details of some of these techniques as implemented at the reactor in Delft are simulated. First, the workings of the magnetized foil flipper are simulated.

Tissue Level Changes after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation with Three Types of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics: A Radiological Study with a 5-Year Follow-Up.

This study evaluates the radiological changes in tissue height after maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) using three types of calcium phosphate ceramics over a period of up to 5 years after dental implant placement. In 163 patients, MSFE was performed. Three groups of patients were distinguished and treated based on the type of calcium phosphate ceramic used and radiologically evaluated: 40 patients with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), 76 patients with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 20% hydroxyapatite (HA)-80% β-TCP, and 47 patients with BCP 60% HA-40% β-TCP.

Measurement of Cellular Immune Response to Viral Infection and Vaccination.

Combined cellular and humoral host immune response determine the clinical course of a viral infection and effectiveness of vaccination, but currently the cellular immune response cannot be measured on simple blood samples. As functional activity of immune cells is determined by coordinated activity of signaling pathways, we developed mRNA-based JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity assays to quantitatively measure the cellular immune response on Affymetrix expression microarray data of various types of blood samples from virally infected patients (influenza, RSV, dengue, yellow fever, rotavirus) or vaccinated individuals, and to determine vaccine immunogenicity. JAK-STAT1/2 pathway activity was increased in blood samples of patients with viral, but not bacterial, infection and was higher in influenza compared to RSV-infected patients, reflecting known differences in immunogenicity.

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited.

Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19.

Design, Setting, And Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin.

Mesoporous Silica Formation Mechanisms Probed Using Combined Spin-Echo Modulated Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SEMSANS) and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS).

The initial formation stages of surfactant-templated silica thin films which grow at the air-water interface were studied using combined spin-echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The films are formed from either a cationic surfactant or nonionic surfactant (CEO) in a dilute acidic solution by the addition of tetramethoxysilane. Previous work has suggested a two stage formation mechanism with mesostructured particle formation in the bulk solution driving film formation at the solution surface.

Impact of water degumming and enzymatic degumming on gum mesostructure formation in crude soybean oil.

Phospholipid gum mesostructures formed in crude soybean oil after water degumming (WD) and enzymatic degumming (ED) were studied at a range of phospholipid and water concentrations. For ED, phospholipase C (PLC), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a mixture of phospholipases Purifine 3G (3G) were used. Both WD and ED resulted in lamellar liquid-crystalline phases, however, of different topology.

Networks of micronized fat crystals grown under static conditions.

Dispersing micronized fat crystals (MFCs) in oil is a novel route to largely decouple fat crystallisation and network formation and thus to simplify the manufacture of fat-continuous food products. MFCs dispersed in oil form a weak-interaction network organized by crystal aggregates in a continuous net of crystalline nanoplatelets. The rough surface of MFC nanoplatelets hampers stacking into one-dimensional aggregates, which explains the high mass fractal dimensions of the networks formed in MFC dispersions.

The extended law of corresponding states when attractions meet repulsions.

Short-range attractive colloids show well-defined phase behaviour in the absence of repulsions, and highly intriguing equilibrium gelation in the presence of long-range repulsions. We present the state diagram of short-range attractive colloids with repulsions that range from fully screened to intermediately ranged, i.e.

Additive scaling law for structural organization of chromatin in chicken erythrocyte nuclei.

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on nuclei of chicken erythrocytes demonstrates the cubic dependence of the scattering intensity Q^{-3} in the range of momentum transfer Q∈10^{-3}-10^{-2}nm^{-1}. Independent spin-echo SANS measurements give the spin-echo function, which is well described by the exponential law in a range of sizes (3×10^{2})-(3×10^{4}) nm. Both experimental dependences reflect the nature of the structural organization of chromatin in the nucleus of a living cell, which corresponds to the correlation function γ(r)=ln(ξ/r) for r<ξ, where ξ=(3.

The use of a biphasic calcium phosphate in a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure: a clinical, radiological, histological, and histomorphometric evaluation with 9- and 12-month healing times.

Background: This study evaluates the clinical, radiological, histological, and histomorphometric aspects of a fully synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) (60% hydroxyapatite and 40% ß-tricalcium phosphate), used in a human maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) procedure with 9- and 12-month healing time.

Methods: A unilateral MSFE procedure, using 100% BCP, was performed in two series of five patients with healing times of 9 and 12 months respectively. Clinical and radiological parameters were measured up to 5 years postoperatively.

Wavelength-independent constant period spin-echo modulated small angle neutron scattering.

Spin-Echo Modulated Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SEMSANS) in Time-of-Flight (ToF) mode has been shown to be a promising technique for measuring (very) small angle neutron scattering (SANS) signals and performing quantitative Dark-Field Imaging (DFI), i.e., SANS with 2D spatial resolution.

On characterization of anisotropic plant protein structures.

In this paper, a set of complementary techniques was used to characterize surface and bulk structures of an anisotropic Soy Protein Isolate (SPI)-vital wheat gluten blend after it was subjected to heat and simple shear flow in a Couette Cell. The structured biopolymer blend can form a basis for a meat replacer. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy provided a detailed view of structure formation over the visible surfaces of the SPI-gluten blend.

Multidimensional nature of fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates.

We show that fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates are hierarchical fractal structures with three fractal dimensions: one characterizing sintered aggregates formed during nanoparticle synthesis, one that is also found in stored agglomerates and represents unbroken agglomerates, and one describing the large agglomerates broken during fluidization. This has been possible by using spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering-a relatively novel technique that, for the first time, allowed to characterize in situ the structure of fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates from 21 nm to ∼20 μm. The results show that serial agglomeration mechanisms in the gas phase can generate nanoparticle clusters with different fractal dimensions, contradicting the common approach that considers fluidized nanoparticle agglomerates as single fractals, in analogy to the agglomerates formed by micron-sized particles.

The strength of small: improved targeting of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) with F(ab')₂-R1507 fragments in Ewing sarcomas.

Purpose: To investigate whether F(ab')₂-fragments of the monoclonal Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R) antibody R1507 (F(ab')₂-R1507) can successfully target IGF-1R in Ewing sarcomas (ES).

Materials And Methods: BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously implanted with IGF-1R-expressing human ES xenografts (EW-5 and EW-8) which previously showed heterogeneous or no uptake of indium-111-labelled R1507 IgG ((111)In-R1507), respectively. Mice were injected with (111)In-F(ab')₂-R1507 or (111)In-R1507 as a reference.

Elucidation of density profile of self-assembled sitosterol + oryzanol tubules with small-angle neutron scattering.

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments have been performed on self-assembled tubules of sitosterol and oryzanol in triglyceride oils to investigate details of their structure. Alternative organic phases (deuterated and non-deuterated decane, limonene, castor oil and eugenol) were used to both vary the contrast with respect to the tubules and investigate the influence of solvent chemistry. The tubules were found to be composed of an inner and an outer shell containing the androsterol group of sitosterol or oryzanol and the ferulic acid moieties in the oryzanol molecule, respectively.

Stability of aqueous food grade fibrillar systems against pH change.

We report that the stability of an aqueous food grade fibril system upon pH change is affected by the presence of peptides that are formed during the process of fibril formation. We discuss several other relationships between food relevant properties and nano-scale characteristics, and compare these relationships for aqueous fibril systems to those of oil based fibril systems. In such fibril systems, dynamics, self-organisation, and sensitivity to external conditions, play an important role.

Optimization of IGF-1R SPECT/CT imaging using 111In-labeled F(ab')2 and Fab fragments of the monoclonal antibody R1507.

The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a potential new target for the treatment of breast cancer. Patients with breast cancer lesions that express IGF-1R may benefit from treatment with anti-IGF-1R antibodies. IGF-1R expression can be visualized using radiolabeled R1507, a monoclonal antibody directed against IGF-1R.

Fabrication of artificial opals by electric-field-assisted vertical deposition.

We present a new technique for large-scale fabrication of colloidal crystals with controllable quality and thickness. The method is based on vertical deposition in the presence of a DC electric field normal to the conducting substrate. The crystal structure and quality are quantitatively characterized by microradian X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical reflectometry.