A dormant overmassive black hole in the early Universe.

Recent observations have found a large number of supermassive black holes already in place in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang, many of which seem to be overmassive relative to their host galaxy stellar mass when compared with local relation. Several different models have been proposed to explain these findings, ranging from heavy seeds to light seeds experiencing bursts of high accretion rate. Yet, current datasets are unable to differentiate between these various scenarios.

Validity and reliability of trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, jumping and side-stepping using OpenCap markerless motion capture application.

OpenCap is a web-based markerless motion capture platform that estimates 3D kinematics from videos recorded from at least two iOS devices. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and inter-session reliability of OpenCap for measuring trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, countermovement jumping, and cutting. Nineteen participants (10 males, 9 females; age 27.

Parents' perspectives on conversations about prognosis and an assessment of prognostic information available online: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Conversations about prognosis for genetic neurodevelopmental conditions are becoming more frequent; however, there is a lack of evidence and guidance on how to approach these conversations and frame the information being provided.

Objective: (1) To understand how parents perceive prognostic conversations with healthcare professionals and their preferences for these conversations, (2) To investigate the framing of prognostic information found online.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods study, comprising of (1) a thematic analysis of interviews with parents and (2) a quantification of prognostic information available on the internet that portrayed a negative message.

A field sampling and analysis protocol for assessing occupational exposure and risk from military munition storage magazines.

An occupational health study was conducted inside reinforced-concrete earth-covered munitions storage magazines (ECMs) at Fort Wingate Depot Activity (FWDA), a former military facility near Gallup, New Mexico. A two-phased approach was used: (1) HEPA vacuuming of bulk dust and (2) wipe sample verification post-vacuuming. Site-specific occupational health criteria were derived to evaluate potential risk from inhalation of bulk dust (Phase 1) and dermal contact of residual dust (Phase 2).

Caterpillar-parasitoid interactions: species-specific influences on host microbiome composition.

There is increasing evidence that host-parasitoid interactions can have a pronounced impact on the microbiome of host insects, but it is unclear to what extent this is caused by the host and/or parasitoid. Here, we compared the internal and external microbiome of caterpillars of Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae parasitized by Cotesia glomerata or Cotesia rubecula with nonparasitized caterpillars. Additionally, we investigated the internal and external microbiome of the parasitoid larvae.

Host location by arthropod vectors: are microorganisms in control?

Vector-borne microorganisms are dependent on their arthropod vector for their transmission to and from vertebrates. The 'parasite manipulation hypothesis' states that microorganisms are likely to evolve manipulations of such interactions for their own selective benefit. Recent breakthroughs uncovered novel ecological interactions initiated by vector-borne microorganisms, which are linked to different stages of the host location by their arthropod vectors.

Distinguishing Physiological Ureter Uptake From an Involved Lymph Node in Staging Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Scans: Implications for Radiation Planning.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) imaging has become a mainstay diagnostic tool in staging unfavorable primary prostate cancer (PC) and identifying sites of recurrence in previously treated PC. One of the biggest pitfalls of PSMA imaging is rapid radionucleotide excretion in the urine via the​ kidneys, ureters, and bladder.​ The positron-emission tomography (PET) images obtained show increased radiotracer activity in these structures, which can occlude or even mimic true malignant disease.

Inclusion of a skeletal model partly improves the reliability of lower limb joint angles derived from a markerless depth camera.

A single depth camera provides a fast and easy approach to performing biomechanical assessments in a clinical setting; however, there are currently no established methods to reliably determine joint angles from these devices. The primary aim of this study was to compare joint angles as well as the between-day reliability of direct kinematics to model-constrained inverse kinematics recorded using a single markerless depth camera during a range of clinical and athletic movement assessments.A secondary aim was to determine the minimum number of trials required to maximize reliability.

Modelling atopic dermatitis in healthy human skin for the characterization of topical compounds.

Suitable human models for the development and characterization of topical compounds for inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis are not readily available to date. We describe here the development of a translational model involving healthy human skin mimicking major aspects of AD and its application for the characterization of topical Janus kinase inhibitors. Full thickness human abdominal skin obtained from plastic surgery stimulated in vitro with IL4 and IL13 shows molecular features of AD.

Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of VALD ForceDecks' strength, balance, and movement assessment tests.

Objectives: To evaluate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of common movement, strength, and balance tests using portable uniaxial dual force plates.

Design: Repeated measures cross-sectional study.

Methods: Sixteen healthy individuals participated in two testing sessions, where they performed 12 different movement, strength, and balance tests.

Biceps femoris long head muscle and aponeurosis geometry in males with and without a history of hamstring strain injury.

Objectives: Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) commonly affect the proximal biceps femoris long head (BFlh) musculotendinous junction. Biomechanical modeling suggests narrow proximal BFlh aponeuroses and large muscle-to-aponeurosis width ratios increase localized tissue strains and presumably risk of HSI. This study aimed to determine if BFlh muscle and proximal aponeurosis geometry differed between limbs with and without a history of HSI.

Systematic Review of Literature Citing the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Purpose Of Review: Optimal therapy for patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CCD) has long been a topic under investigation and a subject of debate. Seeking to clarify appropriate management, the International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial compared medical management versus coronary angiography for patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Its reception in the medical community has been met with both acclaim and criticism.

Moment arm and torque generating capacity of semitendinosus following tendon harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A simulation study.

Altered semitendinosus (ST) morphology and distal tendon insertion following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may reduce knee flexion torque generating capacity of the hamstrings via impaired ST force generation and/or moment arm. This study used a computational musculoskeletal model to simulate mechanical consequences of tendon harvest for ACLR on ST function by modeling changes in ST muscle tendon insertion point, moment arm, and torque generating capacity across a physiological range of motion. Simulated ST function was then compared between ACLR and uninjured contralateral limbs.

Identification of allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus-Potential association with lung damage in asthma.

Background: Component-resolved diagnosis allows detection of IgE sensitization having the advantage of reproducibility and standardization compared to crude extracts. The main disadvantage of the traditional allergen identification methods, 1- or 2-dimensional western blotting and screening of expression cDNA libraries with patients' IgEs, is that the native structure of the protein is not necessarily maintained.

Methods: We used a novel immunoprecipitation technique in combination with mass spectrometry to identify new allergens of Aspergillus fumigatus.

Hamstring and knee injuries are associated with isometric hip and trunk muscle strength in elite Australian Rules and Rugby League players.

Objectives: This study investigated relationships between isometric trunk and hip extensor strength, lumbar muscle morphology, and the risk of hamstring and knee ligament injuries in Australian Football League and National Rugby League players.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Trunk and hip extensor strength, multifidus and quadratus lumborum cross-sectional area were measured during the 2020 pre-season.

Parents' preferences for receiving and discussing prognostic genetic information regarding their children's neurodevelopmental condition: A qualitative study.

Aim: To investigate parents' preferences and motivations for receiving and discussing prognostic genetic test results.

Method: We used a cross-sectional, interpretive description qualitative study design. We collected data through semi-structured interviews with Australian parents, which we analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Injury Prevention Programmes Fail to Change Most Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics in Female Team Field and Court Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Background: One mechanism by which exercise interventions may be effective in reducing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is through changes in lower limb biomechanics. Understanding how training programmes affect lower-limb kinematics and kinetics may help refine injury prevention programmes.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of injury prevention programmes on kinematics and kinetics during tasks related to ACL injury in female team field and court sports.

Match Running Performance in Australian Football Is Related to Muscle Fiber Typology.

Purpose: To examine the association between muscle fiber typology and match running performance in professional Australian football (AF) athletes.

Methods: An observational time-motion analysis was performed on 23 professional AF athletes during 224 games throughout the 2020 competitive season. Athletes were categorized by position as hybrid, small, or tall.

Vertical Jump Testing after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction: Recently, there has been a call for vertical jump testing via force-plate analysis to be included in the assessment of individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and as part of return-to-play criteria. However, a synthesis of current literature is needed to help guide clinicians on what tests to perform, which force-plate metrics to assess, and how these may change over the time course of rehabilitation.

Methods: Four online databases were searched from inception to July 2022.

Hamstring Strain Injury Prevention: Current Beliefs and Practices of Practitioners Working in Major League Baseball.

Context: Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is the most frequently sustained injury in Major League Baseball (MLB). However, the beliefs and practices of practitioners working in MLB regarding HSI risk factors and prevention strategies in baseball athletes have not been documented.

Objective: To document the current beliefs and practices of practitioners working in MLB regarding HSI prevention.