Systemic administration of a viral nanoparticle neoadjuvant prevents lung metastasis development through emergency myelopoiesis.

Cancer presents a significant public health concern, particularly in the context of metastatic disease. Surgical removal of primary tumors, while essential, can inadvertently heighten the risk of metastasis. Thus, there is a critical need for innovative neoadjuvant therapies capable of curtailing metastatic progression before or immediately following tumor resection.

Quantitative analysis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dried blood spot from mountain ultra-trail runners. Contribution of pharmacokinetic models for the interpretation of the results.

Monitoring of drug use in athletes is of interest both for health and competition-related issues. Considering the advantages of Dried Blood Sampling (low invasiveness, easy sampling, long term storage), we have validated a quantitative LC-MS/HRMS method for the screening of 16 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For all drugs, accuracy and imprecision were within 15% for the 3 levels of quality control and lower than 20% for the lower limit of quantification.

Exploring the potential of routine serological markers in predicting neurological outcomes in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a rare condition with a heterogeneous presentation, making the prediction of recovery challenging. However, serological markers have been shown to be associated with severity and long-term recovery following SCI. Therefore, our investigation aimed to assess the feasibility of translating this association into a prediction of the lower extremity motor scores (LEMS) at chronic stage (52 weeks after initial injury) in patients with SCI using routine serological markers.

Prediction of segmental motor outcomes in traumatic spinal cord injury: Advances beyond sum scores.

Background And Objectives: Neurological and functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is highly challenged by the level of the lesion and the high heterogeneity in severity (different degrees of in/complete SCI) and spinal cord syndromes (hemi-, ant-, central-, and posterior cord). So far outcome predictions in clinical trials are limited in targeting sum motor scores of the upper (UEMS) and lower limb (LEMS) while neglecting that the distribution of motor function is essential for functional outcomes. The development of data-driven prediction models of detailed segmental motor recovery for all spinal segments from the level of lesion towards the lowest motor segments will improve the design of rehabilitation programs and the sensitivity of clinical trials.

Studying missingness in spinal cord injury data: challenges and impact of data imputation.

Background: In the last decades, medical research fields studying rare conditions such as spinal cord injury (SCI) have made extensive efforts to collect large-scale data. However, most analysis methods rely on complete data. This is particularly troublesome when studying clinical data as they are prone to missingness.

Wearable Sensor Technologies to Assess Motor Functions in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Systematic Scoping Review and Perspective.

Background: Wearable sensor technologies have the potential to improve monitoring in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and inform timely disease management decisions. Evidence of the utility of wearable sensor technologies in people with MS is accumulating but is generally limited to specific subgroups of patients, clinical or laboratory settings, and functional domains.

Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all studies that have used wearable sensors to assess, monitor, and quantify motor function in people with MS during daily activities or in a controlled laboratory setting and to shed light on the technological advances over the past decades.

Daptomycin Exposure as a Risk Factor for Daptomycin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia and Muscular Toxicity.

Background: High-dose daptomycin is increasingly used in patients with bone and joint infection (BJI). This raises concerns about a higher risk of adverse events (AEs), including daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia (DIEP) and myotoxicity. We aimed to examine pharmacokinetic and other potential determinants of DIEP and myotoxicity in patients with BJI receiving daptomycin.

The relevance of dysfunctional reasoning to OCD and its treatment: Further evidence for inferential confusion utilizing a new task-based measure.

Background And Objectives: Previous research has highlighted the role of dysfunctional reasoning processes (i.e. "inferential confusion") in the development and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Evaluation of Renal Impairment Influence on Metabolic Drug Clearance using a Modelling Approach.

Background And Objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) may alter drug renal elimination but is also known for interacting with hepatic metabolism via multiple uremic components. However, few global models, considering the five major cytochromes, have been published, and none specifically address the decrease in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity. The aim of our study was to estimate the possibility of quantifying residual cytochrome activity as a function of filtration rate, according to the data available in the literature.

SIMBSIG: similarity search and clustering for biobank-scale data.

Summary: In many modern bioinformatics applications, such as statistical genetics, or single-cell analysis, one frequently encounters datasets which are orders of magnitude too large for conventional in-memory analysis. To tackle this challenge, we introduce SIMBSIG (SIMmilarity Batched Search Integrated GPU), a highly scalable Python package which provides a scikit-learn-like interface for out-of-core, GPU-enabled similarity searches, principal component analysis and clustering. Due to the PyTorch backend, it is highly modular and particularly tailored to many data types with a particular focus on biobank data analysis.

Machine-Learning Exploration of Exposure-Effect Relationships of Cisplatin in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Background: Cisplatin is a pivotal drug in the treatment of head and neck cancer, and personalized dosage should help the preservation of an optimal toxicity-efficacy ratio.

Methods: We analyzed the exposure-effect relationships of 80 adult patients with head and neck cancers and treated with standard Cisplatin-based regimen administered as three-hour infusion. Individual pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters of Cisplatin were identified using a Bayesian approach.

Is accuracy of estimated fetal weight improved by better image quality scores?

Objective: To assess in a group of ultrasound operators of various levels of experience the predictive value of systematic quality scoring to assess estimated fetal weight (EFW) validity.

Methods: Screenshots, sonographer experience, and neonate birth weight were collected for 131 ultrasound examinations in the 7 days before birth. The difference (EFW error) between projected birth weight (EFW + [30 g × interval in days to birth]) and actual birth weight was then assessed (absolute value).

Implementation of Model-Based Dose Adjustment of Tobramycin in Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of tobramycin is widely performed in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but little is known about the value of model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) in this setting. We aim at reporting our experience with tobramycin MIPD in adult patients with CF. We analyzed data from adult patients with CF who received IV tobramycin and had model-guided TDM during the first year of implementation of MIPD.

Daptomycin Physiology-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Drug Exposure and Pharmacodynamics in Skin and Bone Tissues.

Background And Objective: Daptomycin has been recommended in the treatment of bone and joint infection. Previous work showed that the approved dosage of daptomycin may be insufficient to achieve optimal exposure in patients with bone and joint infection. However, those studies assumed that bone exposure was similar to steady-state daptomycin-free plasma concentrations.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Imaging Technology to Monitor Growth and Development of Holstein Heifers and Estimate Body Weight, a Preliminary Study.

The choice of rearing strategy for dairy cows can have an effect on production yield, at least during the first lactation. For this reason, it is important to closely monitor the growth and development of young heifers. Unfortunately, current methods for evaluation can be costly, time-consuming, and dangerous because of the need to physically manipulate animals, and as a result, this type of monitoring is seldom performed on farms.

International surveillance study in acute spinal cord injury confirms viability of multinational clinical trials.

Background: The epidemiological international landscape of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has evolved over the last decades along with given inherent differences in acute care and rehabilitation across countries and jurisdictions. However, to what extent these differences may influence neurological and functional recovery as well as the integrity of international trials is unclear. The latter also relates to historical clinical data that are exploited to inform clinical trial design and as potential comparative data.

The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula.

Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central to these discussions has been the identification of new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with the period of Neandertal demise in Europe.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Simulations of Cost-Effective Dosage Regimens of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam in Patients with Renal Impairment.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CEF-AVI) is influenced by renal function. Application of recommended dosages in patients with renal impairment requires the use of fractions of the full dose, as only one dosage is available for both antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of alternative dosage regimens based on the full dose.