Evaluating the Impacts of Community-Campus Engagement on Population Health in Ottawa and Thunder Bay, Canada: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Contribution Analysis.

Background: Municipalities play a crucial role in population health due to their community connections and influence on health determinants. Community-campus engagement (CCE), that is, collaboration between academic institutions and communities, is a promising approach to addressing community health priorities. However, evidence of CCE's impact on population health remains limited.

Covert Critical Illness Encephalopathy: Impairments That Escape Detection by Guideline Recommended, Protocolized Assessments.

Objectives: To determine whether cognitive impairments of important severity escape detection by guideline-recommended delirium and encephalopathy screening instruments in critically ill patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study with random patient sampling.

Setting: ICUs of a large referral hospital with protocols implementing the Society of Critical Care Medicine's ICU Liberation Bundle.

The Use of Contribution Analysis in Evaluating Health Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Contribution Analysis (CA) is a promising theory-based evaluation approach for complex interventions, yet its application in health interventions remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we conducted a scoping review to examine the extent of such applications and the methodologies, strengths, and limitations of this approach in health programming. Our comprehensive search strategy was developed and used in 15 databases to identify peer-reviewed articles from 1999 to 2023 that focused on using CA to evaluate health interventions.

Translating Evaluation Policy Into Practice in Government Organizations.

Organizational evaluation policies describe how evaluation practices should be structured and implemented. As such, they provide key insights into organizational priorities and values regarding evaluation. However, the link between evaluation policies and how evaluation policies translate into concrete practices has seldom been explored until now.

An observation-based, reduced-form model for oxidation in the remote marine troposphere.

The hydroxyl radical (OH) fuels atmospheric chemical cycling as the main sink for methane and a driver of the formation and loss of many air pollutants, but direct OH observations are sparse. We develop and evaluate an observation-based proxy for short-term, spatial variations in OH (Proxy) in the remote marine troposphere using comprehensive measurements from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) airborne campaign. Proxy is a reduced form of the OH steady-state equation representing the dominant OH production and loss pathways in the remote marine troposphere, according to box model simulations of OH constrained with ATom observations.

Mapping the evaluation capacity building landscape: A bibliometric analysis of scholarly communities and themes.

Evaluation capacity building (ECB) continues to attract attention. Over the past two decades, a broad literature has emerged-covering the dimensions, contexts, and practices of ECB. This article presents findings from a bibliometric analysis of ECB articles published in six evaluation journals from 2000 to 2019.

Laying a Solid Foundation for the Next Generation of Evaluation Capacity Building: Findings from an Integrative Review.

Evaluation capacity building (ECB) continues to attract the attention and interest of scholars and practitioners. Over the years, models, frameworks, strategies, and practices related to ECB have been developed and implemented. Although ECB is highly contextual, the evolution of knowledge in this area depends on learning from past efforts in a structured approach.

Pyrocumulonimbus affect average stratospheric aerosol composition.

Pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) are wildfire-generated convective clouds that can inject smoke directly into the stratosphere. PyroCb have been tracked for years, yet their apparent rarity and episodic nature lead to highly uncertain climate impacts. In situ measurements of pyroCb smoke reveal its distinctive and exceptionally stable aerosol properties and define the long-term influence of pyroCb activity on the stratospheric aerosol budget.

Examining the competencies required by evaluation capacity builders in community-based organizations.

Increasing demand for evidence generated through program evaluation has led many community-based organizations (CBOs) to seek external support for evaluation capacity building (ECB). However, studies have yet to explore the essential competencies required by evaluation capacity builders working in the community sector. Our qualitative study aimed to examine the perceptions of ECB practitioners (n = 12) regarding essential competencies for building evaluation capacity in this sector.

Airborne Emission Rate Measurements Validate Remote Sensing Observations and Emission Inventories of Western U.S. Wildfires.

Carbonaceous emissions from wildfires are a dynamic mixture of gases and particles that have important impacts on air quality and climate. Emissions that feed atmospheric models are estimated using burned area and fire radiative power (FRP) methods that rely on satellite products. These approaches show wide variability and have large uncertainties, and their accuracy is challenging to evaluate due to limited aircraft and ground measurements.

Large contribution of biomass burning emissions to ozone throughout the global remote troposphere.

Ozone is the third most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane but has a larger uncertainty in its radiative forcing, in part because of uncertainty in the source characteristics of ozone precursors, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic carbon that directly affect ozone formation chemistry. Tropospheric ozone also negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Biomass burning (BB) and urban emissions are significant but uncertain sources of ozone precursors.

Ozone chemistry in western U.S. wildfire plumes.

Wildfires are a substantial but poorly quantified source of tropospheric ozone (O). Here, to investigate the highly variable O chemistry in wildfire plumes, we exploit the in situ chemical characterization of western wildfires during the FIREX-AQ flight campaign and show that O production can be predicted as a function of experimentally constrained OH exposure, volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity, and the fate of peroxy radicals. The O chemistry exhibits rapid transition in chemical regimes.

Rapid cloud removal of dimethyl sulfide oxidation products limits SO and cloud condensation nuclei production in the marine atmosphere.

Oceans emit large quantities of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to the marine atmosphere. The oxidation of DMS leads to the formation and growth of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) with consequent effects on Earth's radiation balance and climate. The quantitative assessment of the impact of DMS emissions on CCN concentrations necessitates a detailed description of the oxidation of DMS in the presence of existing aerosol particles and clouds.

Aircraft observations since the 1990s reveal increases of tropospheric ozone at multiple locations across the Northern Hemisphere.

Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas, is detrimental to human health and crop and ecosystem productivity, and controls the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere. Because of its high spatial and temporal variability and limited observations, quantifying net tropospheric ozone changes across the Northern Hemisphere on time scales of two decades had not been possible. Here, we show, using newly available observations from an extensive commercial aircraft monitoring network, that tropospheric ozone has increased above 11 regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the mid-1990s, consistent with the OMI/MLS satellite product.

Global airborne sampling reveals a previously unobserved dimethyl sulfide oxidation mechanism in the marine atmosphere.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the oceans, is the most abundant biological source of sulfur to the marine atmosphere. Atmospheric DMS is oxidized to condensable products that form secondary aerosols that affect Earth's radiative balance by scattering solar radiation and serving as cloud condensation nuclei. We report the atmospheric discovery of a previously unquantified DMS oxidation product, hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF, HOOCHSCHO), identified through global-scale airborne observations that demonstrate it to be a major reservoir of marine sulfur.

Polyethlyene Glycol 200 Can Protect Rats Against Drug-Induced Kidney Toxicity Through Inhibition of the Renal Organic Anion Transporter 3.

MK-7680, a cyclic nucleotide prodrug, caused significant kidney tubule injury in female rats when administered orally at 1000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks using 10% Polysorbate 80 as vehicle. However, kidney injury was absent when MK-7680 was administered at the same dose regimen using 100% Polyethylene Glycol 200 (PEG 200) as the vehicle. Subsequent investigations revealed that MK-7680 triphosphate concentrations in kidney were much lower in rats treated with MK-7680 using PEG 200 compared with 10% Polysorbate 80 vehicle, whereas plasma exposures of MK-7680 prodrug were similar.

On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America.

We apply a high-resolution chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) with updated treatment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and a comprehensive suite of airborne datasets over North America to (i) characterize the VOC budget and (ii) test the ability of current models to capture the distribution and reactivity of atmospheric VOCs over this region. Biogenic emissions dominate the North American VOC budget in the model, accounting for 70 % and 95 % of annually emitted VOC carbon and reactivity, respectively. Based on current inventories anthropogenic emissions have declined to the point where biogenic emissions are the dominant summertime source of VOC reactivity even in most major North American cities.

Foliar uptake of atmospheric nitrate by two dominant subalpine plants: insights from in situ triple-isotope analysis.

The significance of foliar uptake of nitrogen (N) compounds in natural conditions is not well understood, despite growing evidence of its importance to plant nutrition. In subalpine meadows, N-limitation fosters the dominance of specific subalpine plant species, which in turn ensures the provision of essential ecosystems services. Understanding how these plants absorb N and from which sources is important in predicting ecological consequences of increasing N deposition.

[Improving the complementarity of patient education proposals: Experience feedback and recommendations].

Introduction: Implementing patient education (PE) in a defined geographic area, based on a population-based approach, implies using community resources according to a logic of complementarity, in order to mitigate the risk of rupture in patient care.

Methods: The PE Resource Centre for the Ile-de-France Region convened a multidisciplinary and multi-setting meeting attended by 45 participants in order to define the ways to improve the complementarity of all available PE resources, while taking into account the diversity of patients' needs. Three working groups successively explored three dimensions: structure, processes and outcomes, in order to assess this complementarity.

Building evaluation capacity in Ontario's public health units: promising practices and strategies.

Objectives: This article presents the findings of a project focusing on building evaluation capacity in 10 Ontario public health units. The study sought to identify effective strategies that lead to increased evaluation capacity in the participating organizations.

Study Design: This study used a qualitative, multiple case research design.

Atmospheric nitrate export in streams along a montane to urban gradient.

Nitrogen (N) emissions associated with urbanization exacerbate the atmospheric N influx to remote ecosystems - like mountains -, leading to well-documented detrimental effects on ecosystems (e.g., soil acidification, pollution of freshwaters).

The influence of evaluation recommendations on instrumental and conceptual uses: A preliminary analysis.

Evaluation recommendations are sometimes included in evaluation reports to highlight specific actions to be taken to improve a program or to make other changes to its operational context. This preliminary study sought to examine evaluation recommendations drawn from 25 evaluation reports published by Canadian federal government departments and agencies, in order to examine the evaluation issues covered and the focus of the recommendations. Our results show that in keeping with policy requirements, the evaluation recommendations focused on program relevance, effectiveness and efficiency and economy.