Development of a standardized consensus lexicon for terms related to micronutrient programs.

Inconsistent use of terminology among diverse stakeholders hinders effective communication in micronutrient programs, especially large-scale food fortification (LSFF) which involves stakeholders from different sectors. To align the terminology use, the Micronutrient Data Innovation Alliance (DInA) of the Micronutrient Forum (MNF) created a lexicon of terms related to LSFF and other micronutrient programs. The purpose of this lexicon is to establish a central repository of consensus definitions of key terms to facilitate communication among diverse stakeholders involved in micronutrient programs including public and private sectors, donor agencies, food industries, academic institutions, etc.

Student Physical Therapists' Orientation to Postprofessional Education and Perceptions of Strain: Identification of 4 Subgroups of Students Based on Cluster Analysis.

Introduction: Determining why physical therapists choose certain pathways to expertise is not well understood. Developing an understanding of these different choices is important for the physical therapy profession and the future of postprofessional education.

Review Of Literature: Pathways to expertise as a physical therapist have evolved over the history of the profession, including the most recent emergence of residency education.

How Do Children With Medical Complexity Die? A Scoping Review.

Advancement in medical expertise and technology has led to a growing cohort of children with medical complexity (CMC), who make up a rising proportion of childhood deaths. However, end of life in CMC is poorly understood and little is known about illness trajectories, communication, and decision-making experiences. To synthesize existing literature and characterize the end-of-life experience in CMC.

Preventative therapies for respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) in children: Where are we now?

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of hospitalization in young children and represents a substantial health-care burden around the world. Advances in research have helped identify the prefusion F protein as the key target component in RSV immunization. In this article, we review the previous, current, and ongoing research efforts for immunization against RSV in children.

Comparison of Published Estimates of the National Prevalence of Iron, Vitamin A, and Zinc Deficiency and Sources of Inconsistencies.

Micronutrient deficiencies result in a broad range of adverse health and functional consequences, but the true prevalence of specific deficiencies remains uncertain because limited information is available from nationally representative surveys using recommended biomarkers. The present review compares various reported national deficiency prevalence estimates for nutrients and years where the estimates overlap for individual countries that conducted nationally representative surveys and explores possible reasons for any discrepancies discovered. Nationally representative micronutrient status surveys that were conducted since 2000 among preschool-aged children or women of reproductive age and included assessment of iron, vitamin A, or zinc status based on recognized biomarkers were considered eligible for inclusion, along with any modeled deficiency prevalence estimates for these same countries and years.

Aligning the Epidemiology of Malnutrition with Food Fortification: Grasp Versus Reach.

Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) has been recognized as one of the most cost-effective interventions to improve the intake of vitamins and minerals and decrease the burden of micronutrient deficiency. Indeed, the simple addition of micronutrients to staple foods, such as wheat, maize and rice, or condiments, including salt and bouillon, has tremendous potential to impact malnutrition. However, most LSFF programs have been poorly designed and have not taken into consideration critical inputs, including current levels of nutrient inadequacy and per capita consumption of different food vehicles when deciding which nutrients to add and at what concentrations.

Including calcium-fortified water or flour in modeled diets based on local foods could improve calcium intake for women, adolescent girls, and young children in Bangladesh, Uganda, and Guatemala.

Adequate calcium intake is essential for health, especially for infants, children, adolescents, and women, yet is difficult to achieve with local foods in many low- and middle-income countries. Previous analysis found it was not always possible to identify food-based recommendations (FBRs) that reached the calcium population recommended intake (PRI) for these groups in Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda. We have modeled the potential contribution of calcium-fortified drinking water or wheat flour to FBR sets, to fill the remaining intake gaps.

Could local foods achieve recommended calcium intakes for nutritionally vulnerable populations in Uganda, Guatemala, and Bangladesh?

Globally, dietary intake of calcium is often insufficient, and it is unclear if adequacy could be achieved by promoting calcium-rich local foods. This study used linear programming and household consumption data from Uganda, Bangladesh, and Guatemala to assess whether local foods could meet calcium population reference intakes (Ca PRIs). The most promising food-based approaches to promote dietary calcium adequacy were identified for 12- to 23-month-old breastfed children, 4- to 6-year-old children, 10- to 14-year-old girls, and nonpregnant and nonbreastfeeding (NPNB) women of reproductive age living in two regions of each country.

Guideline adherent screening and referral: do third year Doctor of Physical Therapy students identify red and yellow flags within descriptive patient cases? a United States based survey study.

Introduction: The need for early detection and appropriate management of flags in physical therapy has been established. The lack of early detection has been shown to lead to poor outcomes such as serious pathology, increased disability, prolonged symptoms, and increased healthcare utilization.

Objective: The main purpose of this survey study was to assess third-year Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students' adherence to clinical practice guidelines specifically in the identification and management of red and yellow flags through a case-based approach.

Protocol and application of basal erythrocyte transketolase activity to improve assessment of thiamine status.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential micronutrient required as a cofactor in many metabolic processes. Clinical symptoms of thiamine deficiency are poorly defined, hence biomarkers of thiamine status are important. The erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient (ETKac) is a sensitive measure of thiamine status, but its interpretation may be confounded where the availability of the transketolase enzyme is limited.

Calcium status assessment at the population level: Candidate approaches and challenges.

Inadequate dietary calcium intake is a global public health problem that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries. However, the calcium status of a population is challenging to measure, and there are no standard methods to identify high-risk communities even in settings with an elevated prevalence of a disease caused or exacerbated by low calcium intake (e.g.

Effect of multiple micronutrient supplements . iron and folic acid supplements on neonatal mortality: a reanalysis by iron dose.

Objective: Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are a cost-effective intervention to reduce adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. However, the current WHO recommendation on the use of antenatal MMS is conditional, partly due to concerns about the effect on neonatal mortality in a subgroup of studies comparing MMS with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements containing 60 mg of Fe. We aimed to assess the effect of MMS .

Nutrition modeling tools: a qualitative study of influence on policy decision making and determining factors.

Nutrition modeling tools (NMTs) generate evidence to inform policy and program decision making; however, the literature is generally limited to modeling methods and results, rather than use cases and their impacts. We aimed to document the policy influences of 12 NMTs and identify factors influencing them. We conducted semistructured interviews with 109 informants from 30 low- and middle-income country case studies and used thematic analysis to understand the data.

Calcium deficiency worldwide: prevalence of inadequate intakes and associated health outcomes.

Dietary calcium deficiency is considered to be widespread globally, with published estimates suggesting that approximately half of the world's population has inadequate access to dietary calcium. Calcium is essential for bone health, but inadequate intakes have also been linked to other health outcomes, including pregnancy complications, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. Populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at greatest risk of low calcium intakes, although many individuals in high-income countries (HICs) also do not meet recommendations.

The Role of Patient Recovery Expectations in the Outcomes of Physical Therapist Intervention: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between baseline patient recovery expectations and outcomes following physical therapy care.

Methods: PubMed, CINAHL Complete, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to February 2021. Concepts represented in the search included physical therapy, patient expectations, patient outcomes, and their relevant synonyms.

Multiple micronutrient supplements versus iron-folic acid supplements and maternal anemia outcomes: an iron dose analysis.

Antenatal multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) are more effective than iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements in reducing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Questions remain, however, about the ability of MMS to prevent anemia as effectively as IFA, especially at a lower dose of daily iron and in areas of high anemia prevalence. Analyzing data from 11 trials from a recent Cochrane review, we compared MMS to IFA, delivering either 30 or 60 mg of iron, in sustaining hemoglobin and preventing third trimester anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), accounting for daily iron dose, total supplemental iron intake, and baseline prevalence of anemia.

Calcium supplementation for the prevention of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: current evidence and programmatic considerations.

Most low- and middle-income countries present suboptimal intakes of calcium during pregnancy and high rates of mortality due to maternal hypertensive disorders. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy is known to reduce the risk of these disorders and associated complications, including preeclampsia, maternal morbidity, and preterm birth, and is, therefore, a recommended intervention for pregnant women in populations with low dietary calcium intake (e.g.

Thiamine deficiency in Gambian women of reproductive age.

Thiamine deficiency disorders are associated with a variety of clinical symptoms affecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems. There is growing recognition that thiamine deficiency can occur in populations well beyond the classical region of South Asia, and at-risk populations include those who receive a large proportion of their energy from polished white rice (or other low-thiamine staple foods) and with low dietary diversity. Reports of thiamine deficiency in West Africa over the last century have suggested that this has historically been an issue in this population, but in more recent decades, these reports have been limited to prison populations.

Accommodating and supporting students with disability in the context of nursing clinical placements: A collaborative action research.

Aim/objective: To examine issues and challenges encountered by university and clinical milieus in addressing the needs of students with disability during their clinical placements; and to identify existing or potential accommodation and support measures to address the challenges encountered.

Background: The influx of students with learning disabilities, attention deficit disorder [with or without hyperactivity], mental health disorders or on the autism spectrum has caused an increase in the number of students with disabilities of more than 900% in universities in the past decade. This increase is causing added pressures to both the academic services providing student assistance and the personnel responsible for these students' clinical placements.

A fresh look at thiamine deficiency-new analyses by the global thiamine alliance.

Severe thiamine (vitamin B ) deficiency is generally regarded as a problem affecting mostly infants in low-income communities of Southeast Asia and adult alcoholics regardless of their location. However, recent scholarship shows that the disorders associated with thiamine deficiency may also affect heretofore unsuspected populations, and that the scope of disorders, including some long-lasting neurocognitive consequences, is broader than previously thought.

Thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcohol consumption in high-income countries: a literature review.

Thiamine deficiency has been typically associated with alcoholism or as a prevalent problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) whose populations rely on staple foods with a low content of thiamine. We conducted a literature review of published and unpublished data to identify relevant adult cases with confirmed thiamine deficiency of nonalcoholic cause in developed countries. We selected 17 reports with 81 adult cases of confirmed thiamine deficiency affecting adult patients with a wide range of ages and underlying conditions (e.

Persistent implicit motor learning alterations following a mild traumatic brain injury sustained during late adulthood.

: The neurocognitive outcomes of sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during late adulthood are vastly understudied. In young, asymptomatic adults, mTBI-related synaptic plasticity alterations have been associated with persistent implicit motor sequence learning impairments outlasting the usual cognitive recovery period. The current study examined whether uncomplicated mTBI sustained during late adulthood could exert persistent deleterious consequences on implicit motor sequence learning.