Choroidal features in non-neovascular and neovascular pachychoroid diseases.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal findings on multimodal imaging in eyes within pachychoroid spectrum diseases and to compare quantitative and qualitative choroidal features between non-neovascular (NNV-PDS) and neovascular (NV-PDS) pachychoroid diseases.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study comparing between NV-PDS and NNV-PDS. All patients underwent multimodal imaging including infracyanine green angiography (IFCGA) and swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCT-A).

Atypical presentation of bilateral iridoschisis with abnormal visibility of iris vessels: Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe clinical and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) findings in a patient with bilateral iridoschisis and unilateral angle closure glaucoma (ACG) associated with abnormal visibility of iris vessels.

Case Presentation: A 67-year-old male patient with a history of red and painful left eye (LE) one year earlier, presented to our ophthalmology department for a routine examination.Ophthalmic examination of the right eye revealed narrow anterior chamber with sectorial iris atrophy associated to abnormal visibility of an iris vessel.

Case Report: Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography Findings in Lipemia Retinalis.

Significance: Lipemia retinalis is a very rare ocular manifestation of severe hypertriglyceridemia. It is usually symptomatic and regresses after normalization of triglycerides levels. Early recognition is important to prevent ocular and life-threatening complications.

Modelling THI effects on milk production and lactation curve parameters of Holstein dairy cows.

The main objective of this study was to determine the potential impact of heat stress (HS) on milk production and lactation curve parameters of Holstein dairy cows. Milk, fat, protein, and somatic cell count test-day records collected between 2013 and 2019 from 947 cows in 23 herds were combined with THI calculated from meteorological data recorded between 2013 and 2019. The temperature-humidity index (THI) was used to investigate the effect of heat stress.

Multimodal imaging of bilateral immunogammopathy maculopathy associated to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Aim: Our aim is to report a case with bilateral Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) associated maculopathy, assessed with multimodal imaging including swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT-Angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: Observational case report.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old diabetic woman with history of treated WM currently in remission, presented with progressive bilateral visual loss.

Assessment of Meat-Type Sheep Welfare Using Animal-Based Measures.

This study aimed to assess the welfare of Tunisian sheep in extensive sheep production systems using animal-based measures of ewe welfare. This study encompasses the first national survey of sheep welfare in which animal-based outcomes were tested. Animal-based welfare measures were derived from previous welfare protocols.

Optic disc and choroidal metastases secondary to breast cancer: A case report.

Aim: To report an uncommon case of optic disc and multiple choroidal metastases secondary to breast cancer, assessed with swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), fluorescein (FA), and infracyanine (ICGA) angiographies.

Methods: Observational case report.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman with history of left breast carcinoma presented with blurred vision in her right eye (RE).

E-learning for Ophthalmology Training Continuity During COVID-19 Pandemic: Satisfaction of residents of Hédi Raies Institut of Ophthalmology of Tunis.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic created great challenges for the continuity of medical education. At the Hédi Raies Institut of Ophthalmology of Tunis (HRIO), the need to ensure continuity in the teaching of ophthalmology has stimulated the development of a new e-learning resource based on clinical case studies.

Aim:   To evaluate level of satisfaction of HRIO residents in regard to clinical case-study-based e-learning of ophthalmology.

Contribution of ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography in diabetic retinopathy in a Tunisian population.

Aim: To assess the contribution of ultra-wide field (UWF) fluorescein angiography (FA) in clinically non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to study the relationship between peripheral vascular lesions and the presence of diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive UWF-FA obtained using a wide-field contact lens system. DME was detected on both FA and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: Characteristic Findings in Type 3 Macular Neovascularization.

We report a typical illustration of Swept source OCT-Angiography (SS-OCT-A) findings in type 3 macular neovascularization(MNV) or retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). This is a case of a 70-year-old Caucasian male patient presenting with an exudative type 3 neovascular age-related macular degeneration. En face SS-OCT-A could non-invasively detect a tiny perifoveal circular "clew-like" high-flow neovascular lesion, visible in the deep capillary plexus, the outer retina and communicating with the choriocapillaris, with a perilesional dark halo and associated to no-flow macular cysts in the deep capillary plexus slab.

Swept source OCT-Angiography assessing a case of aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization secondary to high-myopic posterior staphyloma.

Aim: To report an uncommon case of aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy) secondary to high-myopic staphyloma in a Caucasian patient, assessed with multimodal imaging including swept source OCT-Angiography.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: About 73-year-old Caucasian male patient with high myopia (axial length = 27.

Irregular vascular network identified with OCT-A in angioid streaks: A probable predictor of active choroidal neovascularization (case series).

Purpose: To evaluate the risk of active choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in presence of deep irregular vascular network (IVN) in eyes with angioid streaks (AS).

Methods: Observational case series including three treatment-naive eyes with angioid streaks and IVN, without CNV. Patients were followed-up during 18 months with multimodal imaging including structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT Angiography (OCT-A) to detect possible neovascular complication.

Effects of heat stress on reproductive efficiency in Holstein dairy cattle in the North African arid region.

This work aims to study the relationship between variations of the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) and the parameters of reproduction especially the first conception rate (FCR) and to determine the threshold THI value where cows' fertility rate dropped in 12 Holstein dairy herds raised in the arid climatic conditions of Tunisia. THI values were calculated over 22 years (1996-2018), and the mean monthly temperature and relative humidity data were obtained from the Meteorological Institute of Tunisia. A total of 20,396 individual records (Insemination and calving dates) were extracted from the Livestock and Pasturing Office (OEP, Tunisia) with regard to the highest THI before breeding, on the breeding day, and after breeding.

Unilateral infiltration of the optic nerve revealing relapse of an acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Introduction: Ocular infiltration of leukemia can involve orbit, uveal tract, retina and optic nerve. It may result from direct ocular infiltration by leukemic cells or indirect ocular involvement resulting from secondary hematologic changes, opportunistic infections and complications of various modalities of therapy. We report a case of unilateral infiltration of the optic nerve revealing a relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Valsalva retinopathy occurring after general anesthesia.

Purpose: To report a case of patient who presented with valsalva retinopathy after genral anesthesia for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Observation: A forty year-old man presented, after a general anesthesia for treatment of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm, with a severe decrease of the visual acuity in the left eye. Ophthalmic examination, performed one month after surgery showed a retrohyaloid macular hemorhage.

Association of carotido-cavernous fistula and controlateral optic neuropathy secondary to cranial trauma.

Purpose: to report a case of a woman who had a severe cranial trauma complicated by two ophalmologic potentially cecitating complications: right carotido-cavernous fistula and left traumatic optic neuropathy.

Observation: A 56 years-old woman, without any medical history, referred, one month after fall from a height of 3 meters, for right exophthalmos. Ophthalmic examination of the right eye completed by retinal angiography suspected carotid-cavernous fistula which was confirmed by angio-MRI.

Complement Component C3 Variant (R102G) and the Risk of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Tunisian Population.

To explore the association between the polymorphism (S/F) p.R102G in the C3 gene and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Tunisian population. The molecular study was performed by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 207 control subjects free of any eye disease (fundus normal) and 145 patients with exudative AMD.

Ophthalmic artery occlusion with total ophtalmoplegia and anisocoria revealing cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Aim: To describe a case of ophthalmic artery occlusion associated with anisocoria and revealing a cavernous sinus thrombosis due to sinusitis.

Observation:   A 48-year-old man with a history of diabetes presented acutely with loss of vision and proptosis in the left eye. Ophthalmologic examination concluded in a left ophthalmic artery occlusion with anisocoria and total ophthalmoplgia.