HbA1c and Liver Fat After 16 Weeks of Fasted versus Fed Exercise Training in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Purpose: Exercise-nutrient timing is of interest for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a potential method to optimize glycemic control. However, the optimal nutritional environment for exercise is not well understood over the long term. The Fasted Exercise for Type 2 Diabetes (FED) Trial compared 16 wk of fasted versus postprandial morning exercise on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF).

Sarcopenia in Children Post Liver Transplant: Development of a Home-Based Video Program to Support Muscle Strength and Function-A Pre-Post Controlled Pilot Study.

Introduction: Sarcopenia is common in children after liver transplantation (LTx). Resistance training (RT) may be effective in combating sarcopenia.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to test the feasibility and impact of a 12-week RT program on skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength, physical performance (PP), and child-parent perspectives about RT.

The intra-day and inter-day reliability of a 6-second Wingate to determine maximal peak power in endurance-trained athletes.

Determining an athlete's maximal peak power (MPP) is crucial in profiling endurance sports participants. While short (3 to 6 seconds) all-out efforts have been validated for MPP assessment, prior studies mainly involved non-endurance trained athletes. This study aimed to assess the intra- and inter-day reliability of a 6-second Wingate test for MPP determination in endurance athletes.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To report the effects of a 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on cardiometabolic biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance (AS) from the Exercise During Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ERASE) Trial.

Methods: Fifty-two men with prostate cancer on AS were randomized to either an exercise (HIIT; n = 26) or usual care (UC; n = 26) group. The HIIT intervention consisted of progressive, supervised, aerobic HIIT at an intensity of 85 to 95% VO for 28 to 40 min per session performed three times/week for 12 weeks.

An Aerobic Cooldown After Morning, Fasted Resistance Exercise Has Limited Impact on Post-exercise Hyperglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study.

Objectives: Expert guidelines recommend an aerobic cooldown to lower blood glucose for the management of post-exercise hyperglycemia. This strategy has never been empirically tested. Our aim in this study was to compare the glycemic effects of performing an aerobic cooldown vs not performing a cooldown after a fasted resistance exercise session.

Interaction of exercise and meal timing on blood glucose concentrations.

Purpose Of Review: Exercise and diet are among the most studied behaviors that can affect blood glucose concentrations. Despite multiple studies examining these interventions in different populations and contexts, inconsistencies across studies have led to variable expectations. The purpose of this review is to more specifically examine how the timing of when exercise is performed in relation to meals can modify changes in glucose concentrations or insulin sensitivity.

The Effect of Starting Blood Glucose Levels on Serum Electrolyte Concentrations during and after Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes.

Fear of hypoglycemia is a major exercise barrier for people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D). Consequently, although guidelines recommend starting exercise with blood glucose (BG) concentration at 7-10 mmol/L, PWT1D often start higher, potentially affecting hydration and serum electrolyte concentrations. To test this, we examined serum and urine electrolyte concentrations during aerobic exercise (cycling 45 min at 60%VOpeak) in 12 PWT1D (10F/2M, mean ± SEM: age 29 ± 2.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Blood Glucose Response to High-intensity Interval Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objectives: Exercise-induced hyperglycemia is recognized in type 1 diabetes (T1D) clinical guidelines, but its association with high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) in acute studies is inconsistent. In this meta-analysis, we examined the available evidence of blood glucose responses to HIIE in adults with T1D. The secondary, aim was to examine predictors of blood glucose responses to HIIE.

Effects of supervised high-intensity interval training on motivational outcomes in men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance: results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Understanding the motivational effects of supervised aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may help men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance initiate and maintain exercise behavior, however, few studies have addressed this question. This report explored exercise motivation in men with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance participating in a randomized exercise trial.

Methods: The Exercise during Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer (ERASE) trial randomized 52 men with prostate cancer on active surveillance to the HIIT exercise group or the usual care (UC) group.

Remission of type 2 diabetes and improved diastolic function by combining structured exercise with meal replacement and food reintroduction among young adults: the RESET for REMISSION randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset before 40 years of age has a magnified lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. Diastolic dysfunction is its earliest cardiac manifestation. Low energy diets incorporating meal replacement products can induce diabetes remission, but do not lead to improved diastolic function, unlike supervised exercise interventions.

A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Exercise on Anxiety, Fear of Cancer Progression and Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Patients on Active Surveillance.

Purpose: We examined the effects of exercise on prostate cancer-specific anxiety, fear of cancer progression, quality of life and psychosocial outcomes in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance.

Materials And Methods: The ERASE (Exercise during Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer) Trial randomized 52 patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance to high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 26 patients) or usual care (UC, 26 patients). The HIIT group performed a 12-week, thrice weekly, supervised, aerobic HIIT program.

Associations between body mass index and bladder cancer survival: Is the obesity paradox short-lived?

Introduction: We investigated the associations of pre-surgical body mass index (BMI) with bladder cancer outcomes in patients treated with radical cystectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 488 bladder cancer patients treated with radical cystectomy between 1994 and 2007 and followed up until 2016. Cox regression with step function (time-segment analysis) was conducted for overall survival because the proportional hazard assumption was violated.

A high-protein total diet replacement alters the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in healthy, normal-weight adults.

Purpose: Dietary intake can affect energy homeostasis and influence body weight control. The aim of this study was to compare the impact of high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control (CON) diet in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis in healthy, normal-weight adults.

Methods: In this acute randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants completed two isocaloric arms: a) HP-TDR: 35% carbohydrate, 40% protein, and 25% fat; b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat.

Effects of exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation on symptom burden and quality of life in rectal cancer patients: a phase II randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: We previously demonstrated that exercise during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) for rectal cancer may improve the rate of pathologic complete/near complete response. Here, we report the effects of exercise on symptom management and quality of life (QoL).

Methods: Rectal cancer patients (N = 36) were randomized to a supervised high-intensity interval training program during NACRT followed by unsupervised continuous exercise after NACRT or usual care.

Bladder cancer and exeRcise trAining during intraVesical thErapy-the BRAVE trial: a study protocol for a prospective, single-centre, phase II randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed bladder cancers. The treatment for NMIBC involves surgical removal of the tumour followed by 6 weekly instillations of immunotherapy or chemotherapy directly into the bladder (ie, intravesical therapy). NMIBC has a high rate of recurrence (31%-78%) and progression (15%).

Effects of Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Biochemical Progression in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Under Active Surveillance: The ERASE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Men with prostate cancer who are undergoing active surveillance are at an increased risk of cardiovascular death and disease progression. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, physical functioning, body composition, fatigue, and quality of life during and after treatment; however, to date only 1 exercise study has been conducted in this clinical setting.

Objective: To examine the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and biochemical progression in men with prostate cancer who were undergoing active surveillance.

Blood glucose concentration is unchanged during exposure to acute normobaric hypoxia in healthy humans.

Normal blood [glucose] regulation is critical to support metabolism, particularly in contexts of metabolic stressors (e.g., exercise, high altitude hypoxia).

Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Efficacy of Exercise During and After Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer Treatment: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) improves outcomes for patients with rectal cancer; however, there are dose-limiting toxicities and only a 15% to 27% pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. Exercise may help manage toxicities and improve treatment response, but feasibility and early efficacy have not been established. EXERT was a phase II trial designed to establish the feasibility and safety of exercise and provide the first evidence of efficacy.

Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile After an Exercise Session.

The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Following breakfast, participants performed a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit.

A high-protein total diet replacement increases energy expenditure and leads to negative fat balance in healthy, normal-weight adults.

Background: High-protein diets and total diet replacements are becoming increasingly popular for weight loss; however, further research is needed to elucidate their impact on the mechanisms involved in weight regulation.

Objective: The aim of this inpatient metabolic balance study was to compare the impact of a high-protein total diet replacement (HP-TDR) versus a control diet (CON) on select components of energy metabolism in healthy adults of both sexes.

Methods: The acute intervention was a randomized, controlled, crossover design with participants allocated to 2 isocaloric arms: 1) HP-TDR: 35% carbohydrate, 40% protein, and 25% fat achieved through a nutritional supplement; 2) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat.