Latent Class Analysis Reveals, in patient profiles, COVID-19-related better prognosis by calcifediol treatment than glucocorticoids.

Unlabelled: Calcifediol and glucocorticoids have been repositioned for the treatment of COVID-19 and may reduce severity, the need for intensive care unit admission and death.

Objective: to identify class or profiles of patients hospitalized and treated with COVID-19 pneumonia using latent class clustering methods to assess the clinical and prognostic relevance of the resulting patients' profiles. Poor prognosis was defined as death or need for ICU admission, good prognosis, the opposite.

Calcifediol or Corticosteroids in the Treatment of COVID-19: An Observational Study.

Unlabelled: Medical treatment of coronavirus 19 disease (COVID-19) is a therapeutic challenge. The available data strongly suggest that calcifediol treatment may reduce the severity of COVID-19, and corticosteroids are the treatment of choice worldwide for severe COVID-19. Both have a very similar action profile, and their combined use in patients may modify the contribution of each administered compound.

Vitamin D Metabolites Before and After Kidney Transplantation in Patients Who Are Anephric.

Rationale & Objective: Kidneys are vital for vitamin D metabolism, and disruptions in both production and catabolism occur in chronic kidney disease. Although vitamin D activation occurs in numerous tissues, the kidneys are the most relevant source of circulating active vitamin D. This study investigates extrarenal vitamin D activation and the impact of kidney transplantation on vitamin D metabolism in patients who are anephric.

Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows.

The 6th International Conference, "Controversies in Vitamin D," was convened to discuss controversial topics, such as vitamin D metabolism, assessment, actions, and supplementation. Novel insights into vitamin D mechanisms of action suggest links with conditions that do not depend only on reduced solar exposure or diet intake and that can be detected with distinctive noncanonical vitamin D metabolites. Optimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels remain debated.

Bariatric surgery and calcifediol treatment, Gordian knot of severe-obesity-related comorbidities treatment.

Background: Obesity (OB) is a chronic metabolic disease with important associated comorbidities and mortality. Vitamin D supplementation is frequently administered after bariatric surgery (BS), so as to reduce OB-related complications, maybe including chronic inflammation.

Aim: This study aimed to explore relations between vitamin D metabolites and components of the inflammasome machinery in OB before and after BS and their relations with the improvement of metabolic comorbidities.

Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after Bariatric Surgery: Recommendations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bariatric surgery is associated with a postoperative reduction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and with skeletal complications. Currently, guidelines for 25(OH)D assessment and vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients, pre- and post-surgery, are still lacking. The aim of this work is to analyse systematically the published experience on 25(OH)D status and vitamin D supplementation, pre- and post-surgery, and to propose, on this basis, recommendations for management.

Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and many cellular processes. Although vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for community-dwelling adults, definitive data on whether these supplements benefit clinically important skeletal and extraskeletal outcomes have been conflicting. Although observational studies on effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal and extraskeletal outcomes may be confounded by reverse causation, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help to elucidate causation.

Calcifediol Cornerstone of the Vitamin D Endocrine System.

It is likely that rickets has afflicted humanity since the dawn of time, but it was first described in great detail in the mid-17th century [...

Long-Term Treatment and Effect of Discontinuation of Calcifediol in Postmenopausal Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Trial.

Vitamin D plays a major role in bone health and probably also in multiple extraskeletal acute and chronic diseases. Although supplementation with calcifediol, a vitamin D metabolite, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in short-term clinical trials, its effects after long-term monthly administration have been studied less extensively. This report describes the results of a 1-year, phase III-IV, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel, multicenter superiority clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of monthly calcifediol 0.

Comparison of calcifediol with vitamin D for prevention or cure of vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D deficiency remains prevalent, with about 7% of the world's population living with severe vitamin D deficiency and about one third with mild deficiency. We compare the relative merits of calcifediol or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) compared to vitamin D itself for supplementation as to prevent or cure vitamin D deficiency. The intestinal absorption of calcifediol is nearly 100% and thus higher than that of vitamin D itself.

Determination of vitamin D conjugated metabolites: a complementary view on hydroxylated metabolites.

Experts typically define vitamin D deficiency levels by the determination of a circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D-calcifediol prohormone. A large part of the population is characterized by deficient vitamin D levels (calcifediol < 20 ng mL) despite individuals not being affected by any disorder. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) and/or calcifediol supplementation is a common practice for vitamin D-deficient individuals as recommended by international scientific societies and official agencies.

Primary hyperparathyroidism and fracture probability.

Unlabelled: The incidence of hip and major osteoporotic fracture was increased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism even in patients not referred for parathyroidectomy. The risk of death was also increased which attenuated an effect on fracture probabilities. The findings argue for widening the indications for parathyroidectomy in mild primary hyperparathyroidism.

Vitamin D in the older population: a consensus statement.

Background: This paper reports results from the 5th International Conference "Controversies in Vitamin D" that was held in Stresa, Italy, 15-18 September 2021. The conference is part of this series that started in 2017 and has been conducted annually since. The objective of these conferences is to identify timely and controversial topics related to Vitamin D.

The influence of proteoforms: assessing the accuracy of total vitamin D-binding protein quantification by proteolysis and LC-MS/MS.

Objectives: Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP), a serum transport protein for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], has three common proteoforms which have co-localized amino acid variations and glycosylation. A monoclonal immunoassay was found to differentially detect VDBP proteoforms and methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) might be able to overcome this limitation. Previously developed multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS methods for total VDBP quantification represent an opportunity to probe the potential effects of proteoforms on proteolysis, instrument response and quantification accuracy.

UK Nutrition Research Partnership 'Hot Topic' workshop: Vitamin D-A multi-disciplinary approach to (1) elucidate its role in human health and (2) develop strategies to improve vitamin D status in the UK population.

Vitamin D is truly unique-not a 'vital' amine in the true sense of the word, but rather a prohormone, which is produced in the skin during exposure to sunlight (UVB radiation at 290-315 nm) and which can also be obtained from food and from supplements. A high prevalence of low vitamin D status has been reported across the world in a wide range of population groups, and this includes communities living in low latitude areas despite the abundance of sunlight. It is accepted that vitamin D status is reflected by the level of the circulating metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), which is produced by hepatic hydroxylation of vitamin D, derived either from the skin from UV exposure or the gut from oral intake.

Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19: Treatment with Calcifediol.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest challenge facing modern medicine and public health systems. The viral evolution of SARS-CoV-2, with the emergence of new variants with in-creased infectious potential, is a cause for concern. In addition, vaccination coverage remains in-sufficient worldwide.

Calcifediol (25OH Vitamin D) Deficiency: A Risk Factor from Early to Old Age.

Vitamin D deficiency is the main cause of nutritional rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. There is consensus that nutritional access to vitamin D can be estimated by measuring serum concentrations of 25OHD and vitamin D deficiency can thus be considered as calcifediol deficiency. However, the threshold for vitamin D/calcifediol sufficiency remains a matter of debate.

Vitamin D Endocrine System and COVID-19.

Preclinical data strongly suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system (VDES) may have extraskeletal effects. Cells of the immune and cardiovascular systems and lungs can express the vitamin D receptor, and overall these cells respond in a coherent fashion when exposed to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the main metabolite of the VDES. Supplementation of vitamin D-deficient subjects may decrease the risk of upper respiratory infections.

Vitamin D: Dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: Does one approach fit all?

The 4 International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held as a virtual meeting in September, 2020, gathering together leading international scientific and medical experts in vitamin D. Since vitamin D has a crucial role in skeletal and extra-skeletal systems, the aim of the Conference was to discuss improved management of vitamin D dosing, therapeutic levels and form or route of administration in the general population and in different clinical conditions. A tailored approach, based on the specific mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in different diseases that were discussed, was recommended.

Real world evidence of calcifediol or vitamin D prescription and mortality rate of COVID-19 in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized Andalusian patients.

COVID-19 is a major worldwide health problem because of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality. Several lines of evidence have suggested a relationship between the vitamin D endocrine system and severity of COVID-19. We present a survival study on a retrospective cohort of 15,968 patients, comprising all COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Andalusia between January and November 2020.

The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies.

Vitamin D supplementation can prevent and cure nutritional rickets in infants and children. Preclinical and observational data suggest that the vitamin D endocrine system has a wide spectrum of skeletal and extra-skeletal activities. There is consensus that severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration <30 nmol/l) should be corrected, whereas most guidelines recommend serum 25OHD concentrations of >50 nmol/l for optimal bone health in older adults.