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Unlabelled: Introduction-Aim: The iatrogenic risk in the elderly is a real public health problem due to its frequency and seriousness. Our study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and chronological aspects of adverse drug reactions occurring in elderly subjects and to identify the incriminated drugs.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of all the observations of adverse drug reactions in elderly subjects, notified to the Clinical Pharmacology department of Monastir over a period of 17 years (2004 - 2020).

A prospective validation of a population pharmacokinetic model of tacrolimus in Tunisian kidney transplant patients.

Background: A prospective validation of pharmacokinetic population (Pk pop) of Tacrolimus (Tac) for dose adjustment in kidney transplant patients was assessed in only one study. The present study was aimed at prospectively evaluating the performance of our previously developed Tac- Pk pop model in predicting trough concentration (C0) in Tunisian kidney transplant patients.

Patients And Method: It was a prospective study including patients who had undergone kidney transplantation at Monastir-Nephrology Department.

Improving estimation of water soil erosion by introducing lithological formation for environmental remediation.

Soil erosion is a serious and complex environmental problem worldwide, especially in the centre west of Tunisia. Whereas the construction of hill reservoirs is part of the soil and water conservation strategy, many of these have a siltation problem. Dhkekira is one of the smallest watersheds in central Tunisia whose most lithological formation consists of materials that are quite susceptible to water erosion.

Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Agronomic Parameters of Three Plum Cultivars ( L.) under Semi-Arid Climate Conditions.

Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies may greatly contribute to save irrigation water, especially in low water availability conditions. The effects of RDI on the growth process, photosynthesis, fruit yield, and some quality traits were assessed for two years on three plum ( Lindl.) cultivars ('Black Diamond', 'Black Gold' and 'Black Star') grown in Midwest Tunisia.

DRESS characteristics according to the causative medication.

Background: To date, no study has identified a clear relationship between drug and a specific clinical presentation of DRESS.

Objectives: To investigate the particularities of DRESS and analyze the variation of DRESS pattern according to culprit drugs.

Methods: We analyzed cases of DRESS notified to the Department of Clinical Pharmacology at the University Hospital of Monastir over a 15-year period.

Betalactam hypersensitivity: The importance of delabelling in primary care.

Patients And Methods: An allergy work-up was performed on adult patients with a history of a penicillin allergy seen by primary medical care in Monastir (Tunisia) between July 2016 and February 2018. Patients with negative skin tests were challenged with amoxicillin. Patients who were delabelled were contacted by phone after 6 months to determine outcomes after any therapeutic penicillin-class antibiotic intake.

Clinical and genetic influencing factors on clozapine pharmacokinetics in Tunisian schizophrenic patients.

Clozapine (Clz) is an atypical antipsychotic, which its pharmacokinetics can be influenced by several factors. The CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, major enzymes implicated in Clz metabolism, present an interethnic variation on their activity caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The present study investigated the influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on Clz pharmacokinetics in a southern Mediterranean population.

Population pharmacokinetic model of isoniazid in patients with tuberculosis in Tunisia.

Aims: To develop a pharmacokinetic model of isoniazid (INH) concentration taking into account demographic factors and genetic variables [N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype], and to propose an initial INH dosage that could maximize the probability of achieving the desired INH concentration.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of INH concentration data collected from patients with tuberculosis in Tunisia.

Results: In total, 118 patients were included in this study.

Isoniazid Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Tunisian Patients With Tuberculosis.

A regular therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of isoniazid could be useful to predict the acetylation profile and to prescribe doses associated with optimal efficacy and safety. We aimed to assess the usefulness of isoniazid TDM in the Tunisian population, to describe the acetylation profile distribution in this population, and to investigate the influence of certain parameters on acetylation phenotype. We performed a retrospective study including Tunisian patients with tuberculosis underwent an isoniazid TDM.

DRESS syndrome following furosemide administration: An unusual association.

Introduction: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe and rare adverse drug reaction. Several drugs are known to induce DRESS. Furosemide, a sulfonamide loop diuretic drug, is known to induce hypersensitive reactions such as bullous eruptions, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and lichenoid eruptions, but rarely DRESS.

Beta-lactam hypersensitivity in children: Frequency and risk factors.

Aims: To determine the frequency of an authentic β-lactam (BL) hypersensitivity (HS) amongst a large number of children and to identify clinical risk factors that predict this hypersensitivity.

Methods: All children with suspected BL allergy were evaluated by skin tests (ST) with the suspected BL. A 1-day oral provocation test (OPT) was performed in children with negative ST.

Extraction, Characterization, and Anticoagulant Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Viscera.

Bioactive compounds for drug discovery are increasingly extracted and purified from natural sources including marine organisms. Heparin is a therapeutic agent that has been used for several decades as an anticoagulant. However, heparin is known to cause many undesirable complications such as thrombocytopenia and risk of hemorrhage.

Effect of CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A4*1B but not CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on tacrolimus pharmacokinetic model in Tunisian kidney transplant.

The pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus is characterized by a high interindividual variability that is mainly explained by pharmacogenetics biomarkers. The aims were to develop a population pharmacokinetic model (Pk pop) taking into account post-transplant phases (PTP), CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 polymorphisms on Tac pharmacokinetics in adult kidney transplant patients. The Pk pop study was performed using a nonparametric approach (Pmetrics*).

Limited sampling strategy for predicting isoniazid exposure in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

What Is Known And Objective: Limited sampling strategies (LSS), using few sampling times after dosing, have been used to reliably predict the isoniazid area under the 24-hour concentration-time curve (AUC). Experience with isoniazid is very limited, and no LSS has been developed in south-Mediterranean populations. Hence, we aimed to develop an accurate and convenient LSS for predicting isoniazid AUC in Tunisian patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Clinical features, culprit drugs, and allergology workup in 41 cases of fixed drug eruption.

Background: Fixed drug eruption (FDE) represents a drug-related cutaneous reaction. Many drugs been associated with this clinical entity, with continually evolving documentation of implicated agents and clinical presentations. A bullous form can occur although it is rare.

Piroxicam-induced fixed drug eruption: Cross-reactivity with meloxicam.

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs constitute a main cause of fixed drug eruption (FDE). A few cases of piroxicam-induced FDE have been reported; however, the cross-reactivity among oxicams has rarely been evaluated.

Objectives: To describe a series of patients with piroxicam-induced FDE, mostly confirmed by a positive patch test reaction, in whom cross-reactivity to meloxicam was assessed.

Interest of therapeutic drug monitoring of aminoglycosides administered by a monodose regimen.

Background: Although the once-daily regimen of aminoglycosides (AG) is considered as predominantly used by many centers, the level of evidence of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of AG in cases of once-daily has not been clearly defined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of TDM in achievement or maintaining target serum concentrations in patients receiving once-daily administration of AG.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients having received a once daily amikacin or gentamicin and underwent routine TDM.