In Vitro Transcription Assay to Quantify Effects of H-NS Filaments on RNA Chain Elongation by RNA Polymerase.

Bacterial chromosomal DNA is structured and compacted by proteins known as bacterial chromatin proteins (i.e., nucleoid-associated proteins or NAPs).

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) utilizes the NDP52/CALCOCO2 selective autophagy receptor to disassemble processing bodies.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes the inflammatory and angiogenic endothelial cell neoplasm, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). We previously demonstrated that the KSHV Kaposin B (KapB) protein promotes inflammation via the disassembly of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules called processing bodies (PBs). PBs modify gene expression by silencing or degrading labile messenger RNAs (mRNAs), including many transcripts that encode inflammatory or angiogenic proteins associated with KS disease.

Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem.

Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is caused by the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. X. fastidiosa is limited to the xylem tissue and following infection induces extensive plant-derived xylem blockages, primarily in the form of tyloses.

Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae as an opportunistic pathogen in a case of meningoencephalomyelitis and bacteriuria in a dog.

Background: We report the first case of canine Salmonella meningoencephalomyelitis and second case of canine Salmonella bacteriuria, as well as the first reported case of Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae in a dog.

Case Presentation: Immunosuppressive treatment in a dog for a relapse of steroid-responsive meningitis and arteritis (SRMA) allowed for the opportunistic establishment of a bacteremia with Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae, ultimately causing meningoencephalomyelitis and subclinical bacteriuria.

Characteristics and long-term outcomes of dogs with gastroesophageal intussusception.

Objective: To determine long-term outcomes and factors associated with those outcomes in dogs with gastroesophageal intussusception (GEI).

Animals: 36 dogs with GEI evaluated at 16 veterinary hospitals from January 2000 through January 2018.

Procedures: Medical records of included dogs were reviewed to collect information regarding signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings, blood work and diagnostic imaging results, surgical findings, and outcome.

Current CaCO dissolution at the seafloor caused by anthropogenic CO.

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO leads to decreased pH, carbonate ion concentration, and saturation state with respect to CaCO minerals, causing increased dissolution of these minerals at the deep seafloor. This additional dissolution will figure prominently in the neutralization of man-made CO However, there has been no concerted assessment of the current extent of anthropogenic CaCO dissolution at the deep seafloor. Here, recent databases of bottom-water chemistry, benthic currents, and CaCO content of deep-sea sediments are combined with a rate model to derive the global distribution of benthic calcite dissolution rates and obtain primary confirmation of an anthropogenic component.

In Vitro Transcription Assay to Quantify Effects of H-NS Filaments on RNA Chain Elongation by RNA Polymerase.

While structuring of the bacterial nucleoid by nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) is critical for proper chromosomal organization and compaction, DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) must frequently interact with and overcome the barriers these NAPs impose upon transcription. One particular NAP in Escherichia coli that influences transcription is the histone-like nucleoid structuring protein, H-NS, that binds to DNA and forms nucleoprotein filaments. To specifically investigate the effect that H-NS filaments have on RNAP elongation, we developed an in vitro transcription assay to assess transcript elongation by RNAP when transcribing DNA bound by an H-NS filament.

StpA and Hha stimulate pausing by RNA polymerase by promoting DNA-DNA bridging of H-NS filaments.

In enterobacteria, AT-rich horizontally acquired genes, including virulence genes, are silenced through the actions of at least three nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs): H-NS, StpA and Hha. These proteins form gene-silencing nucleoprotein filaments through direct DNA binding by H-NS and StpA homodimers or heterodimers. Both linear and bridged filaments, in which NAPs bind one or two DNA segments, respectively, have been observed.

Otolaryngology Service Usage in Children With Cleft Palate.

Objectives: To determine the usage of otolaryngology services by children with cleft palate at a pediatric tertiary care facility.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Specialty clinic at a pediatric tertiary care hospital.

Disparate acidification and calcium carbonate desaturation of deep and shallow waters of the Arctic Ocean.

The Arctic Ocean is acidifying from absorption of man-made CO. Current predictive models of that acidification focus on surface waters, and their results argue that deep waters will acidify by downward penetration from the surface. Here we show, with an alternative model, the rapid, near simultaneous, acidification of both surface and deep waters, a prediction supported by current, but limited, saturation data.

P1 Ref Endonuclease: A Molecular Mechanism for Phage-Enhanced Antibiotic Lethality.

Ref is an HNH superfamily endonuclease that only cleaves DNA to which RecA protein is bound. The enigmatic physiological function of this unusual enzyme is defined here. Lysogenization by bacteriophage P1 renders E.

A comparison of differential reinforcement procedures with children with autism.

The current evaluation compared the effects of 2 differential reinforcement arrangements and a nondifferential reinforcement arrangement on the acquisition of tacts for 3 children with autism. Participants learned in all reinforcement-based conditions, and we discuss areas for future research in light of these findings and potential limitations.

Bridged filaments of histone-like nucleoid structuring protein pause RNA polymerase and aid termination in bacteria.

Bacterial H-NS forms nucleoprotein filaments that spread on DNA and bridge distant DNA sites. H-NS filaments co-localize with sites of Rho-dependent termination in Escherichia coli, but their direct effects on transcriptional pausing and termination are untested. In this study, we report that bridged H-NS filaments strongly increase pausing by E.

Skin cancer (Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma): new cases, treatment practice, and health care costs in new brunswick, Canada, 2002-2010.

Background: In Canada, there is no formal process for registering nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC); thus, the epidemiology, treatment practices, and associated health costs are not well known.

Objectives: To investigate trends in new cases of skin cancer, treatment practices, and health care costs in New Brunswick, Canada.

Methods: Data were extracted from the Provincial Cancer Registry and New Brunswick administrative health databases for 2002-2010.

Impact of temperature stress and validamycin A on compatible solutes and fumonisin production in F. verticillioides: role of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase.

Fusarium verticillioides is a pathogen of maize that causes root, stalk and ear rot and produces fumonisins, toxic secondary metabolites associated with disease in livestock and humans. Environmental stresses such as heat and drought influence disease severity and toxin production, but the effects of abiotic stress on compatible solute production by F. verticillioides have not been fully characterized.

Effect of screw insertion torque on mechanical properties of four locking systems.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of screw insertion torque on the mechanical properties of four 3.5 mm locking systems: New Generation Devices (NGD), Securos (PAX), Synthes (SYN), and Veterinary Orthopedic Implants (VOI).

Study Design: In vitro mechanical study.

Spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to reactive bronchopneumopathy in a dog.

Case Description: An 8-year-old 38-kg (84-lb) castrated male German Shepherd Dog cross was evaluated because of respiratory distress secondary to pneumothorax (detected radio-graphically prior to referral).

Clinical Findings: CT of the thorax confirmed the presence of pneumothorax and revealed pulmonary blebs without evidence of infiltrative pulmonary changes. A tentative diagnosis of primary spontaneous pneumothorax was made.

Comment on "Physical model for the decay and preservation of marine organic carbon".

Rothman and Forney (Reports, 1 June 2007, p. 1325) described a model for the decay of marine organic carbon. However, the enzyme deactivation rates required by their model are too fast compared with available data, and the model fails to explain the similarity in observed decay rate constants from different experiments.

Adolescent passengers of drunk drivers: a multi-level exploration into the inequities of risk and safety.

Aims: This study determined the individual-, neighbourhood- and provincial-level effects of rural residence, socio-economic status (SES), substance use and driving behaviours on adolescents' riding with a drunk driver (RDD).

Design: Multi-level study based on cross-sectional self-reported anonymous data from the Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces (SDUSAP) and Census Canada data, merged on the postal code of participating schools. The sample design of the SDUSAP was a single-stage cluster sample of randomly selected classes stratified by grade and region.

The South Oaks Gambling Screen-revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA) revisited: a cut-point analysis.

The lack of a criterion validity gold standard defining adolescent pathological gambling represents a major limitation of the adolescent gambling literature. The present study employed Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis (ROC) to examine the performance of the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA) recommended cut-point of 4 against two-proxy gold standards: self-identified need for, or receipt of, help for gambling. Logistic regression analysis examined the correlates of self-identified need for help with gambling.

Validity of a 12-item version of the CES-D used in the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth.

This validation study assessed the degree of confidence that can be placed on inferences from depressive symptoms among adolescents, based on a 12-item version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D). This short version of the scale had been developed for application in the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth and we refer to it as the CES-D-12-NLSCY. The major data source for the present validation study was a 2002/2003 survey of 12,990 students in junior and senior high school in the Atlantic provinces of Canada.

Gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in a general adolescent population.

Aims: This study explores gender differences in the association between substance use and elevated depressive symptoms in the general adolescent population.

Design: Cross-sectional self-reported anonymous survey, the 2002/2003 Student Drug Use Survey in the Atlantic Provinces. The sample design was a single-stage cluster sample of randomly selected classes stratified by grade and region.