Synchronous BI-RADS category 3 lesions detected by preoperative breast MRI in patients with breast cancer: may follow-up be adequate?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the rate of malignancy of synchronous Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 lesions identified by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with breast cancer that were followed up rather than biopsied.

Methods: From electronic medical records, we identified 99 patients treated in our institution for whom preoperative breast MRI identified synchronous BI-RADS 3 lesions. Lesion characteristics, rate of second-look ultrasonography (US), rate of collegial decision-making, and rate of biopsies performed during the period of monitoring were analyzed.

[Systematic second opinion review of outside imaging in breast cancer diagnosis: An added value].

Introduction: The systematic second opinion review in cancer centers after breast cancer detection is currently under development. The purposes were the evaluation of review's consequences, in particularly of the axillary staging and the evolution of the delays.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who consulted a clinician at Cancer Center of Lorraine in Nancy from January 1st, 2016 to December 31th, 2016.

Inhibitory effect of αS1- and αS2-casein hydrolysates on angiotensin I-converting enzyme in human endothelial cells in vitro, rat aortic tissue ex vivo, and renovascular hypertensive rats in vivo.

A great number of milk-derived peptides have been shown to exhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory properties and thus potential utility in the regulation of blood pressure. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of 2 milk trypsin hydrolysates from alpha(S1)- and alpha(S2)-casein (CH1 and CH2, respectively) on ACE activity evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro, rat aortic tissues ex vivo, and renovascular hypertensive rat in vivo. Incubation of HUVEC and rat aortic tissues with CH1 or CH2 induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of hydrolysis of the ACE substrate hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL), the hydrolysates being much less potent than perindopril (an ACE inhibitor).

Expression of Nav1.6 sodium channels by Schwann cells at neuromuscular junctions: role in the motor endplate disease phenotype.

In addition to their role in action potential generation and fast synaptic transmission in neurons, voltage-dependent sodium channels can also be active in glia. Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) wrap around the nerve terminal arborization at the neuromuscular junction, which they contribute to shape during development and in the postdenervation processes. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), immunofluorescence, and confocal microscopy, we detected the neuronal Nav1.

Calcium-dependent dissociation of synaptotagmin from synaptic SNARE complexes.

The formation of the synaptic core (SNARE) complex constitutes a crucial step in synaptic vesicle fusion at the nerve terminal. The interaction of synaptotagmin I with this complex potentially provides a means of conferring Ca2+-dependent regulation of exocytosis. However, the subcellular compartments in which interactions occur and their modulation by Ca2+ influx remain obscure.

Redistribution of presynaptic proteins during alpha-latrotoxin-induced release of neurotransmitter and membrane retrieval at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Calcium-dependent exocytosis at the nerve terminal involves the synaptic core (SNARE) complex composed of the t-SNAREs syntaxin 1 and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), and the v-SNARE vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP/synaptobrevin), a stable heterotrimer which can associate with the putative calcium sensor protein, synaptotagmin. The distribution of these proteins at the frog neuromuscular junction was examined by immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy following exocytosis induced by alpha-latrotoxin. Experiments were performed under conditions in which synaptic vesicle recycling was either maintained in balance with exocytosis, or completely blocked, or during recovery from block of endocytosis.

Interactions between proteins implicated in exocytosis and voltage-gated calcium channels.

Neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles is triggered by voltage-gated calcium influx through P/Q-type or N-type calcium channels. Purification of N-type channels from rat brain synaptosomes initially suggested molecular interactions between calcium channels and two key proteins implicated in exocytosis: synaptotagmin I and syntaxin 1. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were consistent with the hypothesis that both N- and P/Q-type calcium channels, but not L-type channels, are associated with the 7S complex containing syntaxin 1, SNAP-25, VAMP and synaptotagmin I or II.

Expression of the mRNA for the beta 2 subunit of the voltage-dependent sodium channel in rat CNS.

Expression of the voltage-dependent sodium channel has been analysed in adult rat central nervous system by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. Northern blots showed that all the territories studied express beta 2 transcripts, albeit with widely varying levels (with cerebellum >> hippocampus > brain > brainstem > spinal cord). In situ hybridization confirmed that in these structures, all the neuronal cell bodies contain beta 2 mRNA; expression was particularly high in the granule cells of the cerebellum, in both pyramidal cell layer and dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, and in spinal cord motor neurons.

Direct effect of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) on intestinal epithelial cell differentiation: relationship to HIV-1 enteropathy.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients display severe impairments of gastrointestinal functions, including diarrhea and malabsorption, even in the absence of opportunistic infections. Since HIV-1 proteins and nucleic acids have been detected in several cell types of the intestinal mucosa, it has been postulated that HIV-1 itself could alter enterocytic functions. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of HIV-1 on the differentiation process of the epithelial intestinal cell clone HT-29-D4, which mimics the maturation of enterocytes along the crypt-villus axis of the small intestine.

Developmental regulation of synaptotagmin I, II, III, and IV mRNAs in the rat CNS.

Synaptotagmin I is an abundant synaptic vesicle protein that has an essential function in mediating Ca2+-triggered neurotransmitter release. We have analyzed the distribution of four neural synaptotagmin isoforms during postnatal development of the rat CNS by in situ hybridization. Synaptotagmin I, II, III, and IV genes have distinct patterns of spatiotemporal expression except in cerebellum granule cells, where the four transcripts were detected during the formation of parallel fiber/Purkinje cell synapses.

Activity-induced internalization and rapid degradation of sodium channels in cultured fetal neurons.

A regulatory mechanism for neuronal excitability consists in controlling sodium channel density at the plasma membrane. In cultured fetal neurons, activation of sodium channels by neurotoxins, e.g.

Co-localization of suramin and serum albumin in lysosomes of suramin-treated human colon cancer cells.

Suramin is a polysulfonated compound currently under investigation for the treatment of various types of cancer. Pharmacokinetic studies from clinical trials in humans have shown that most of the circulating drug is associated with serum albumin. The objective of the present study was to investigate the intracellular localization of suramin and serum albumin in human colon cancer cells (HT-29-D4) upon suramin treatment.

Distribution of components of the SNARE complex in relation to transmitter release sites at the frog neuromuscular junction.

At the frog neuromuscular junction, neurotransmitter release sites are regularly spaced at 1 micron intervals along the nerve terminal, directly facing postsynaptic folds which contain a high density of acetylcholine receptors. Immunostaining and laser confocal scanning microscopy were used to compare the distribution of presynaptic proteins implicated in exocytosis with that of fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin. Syntaxin, synaptosome-associated 25 kDa protein and calcium channels were located predominantly at release sites.

Intracellular localisation of suramin, an anticancer drug, in human colon adenocarcinoma cells: a study by quantitative autoradiography.

Suramin is a polysulphonated naphthylurea currently investigated for the treatment of advanced malignancy. In the present study, we have analysed the uptake and the intracellular localisation of tritiated suramin in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29-D4), using quantitative autoradiographic techniques at the optical and electron microscopy levels. Our results show that the drug is able to enter both undifferentiated and differentiated HT-29-D4 cells.

Evaluation of low molecular weight heparin during and after aortic and carotid surgery: dose finding study.

Forty-four patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery and twenty-eight patients undergoing carotid surgery were randomly treated with different anticoagulant regimens. During surgery, an unfractionated heparin (UFH) intravenous bolus of 50 IU/kg was compared with a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) bolus of either 120 IU/kg, 80 IU/kg, 40 IU/kg or 20 IU/kg. Six hours after surgery and for 48 hours, an UFH infusion was compared with an LMWH infusion of either 10,000 IU/day or 6,000 IU/day and then, a single LMWH subcutaneous injection of 3,075 IU was administered.

Cellular localization of synaptotagmin I, II, and III mRNAs in the central nervous system and pituitary and adrenal glands of the rat.

Three isoforms of synaptotagmin, a synaptic vesicle protein involved in neurotransmitter release, have been characterized in the rat, although functional differences between these isoforms have not been reported. In situ hybridization was used to define the localization of synaptotagmin I, II, and III transcripts in the rat CNS and pituitary and adrenal glands. Each of the three synaptotagmin genes has a unique expression pattern.

Rickettsia conorii entry into Vero cells.

The entry of rickettsiae into eukaryotic cells is mediated by an induced phagocytosis, but rickettsiae have never been observed in a closed phagocytic vacuole. In this study, Rickettsia conorii entry into Vero cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy during a period of 3 to 20 min after bacterium-cell contact. The entry occurred within 3 min after bacterium-cell contact, and R.

Autoradiographic localization of tritiated suramin in polarized human colon adenocarcinoma cells.

In this report we demonstrated that [3H]suramin enters polarized human colon adenocarcinoma cells when added to the apical side of the monolayer. Using light microscopic quantitative autoradiography, we showed that suramin was accumulated in the apical cytoplasm and in the nucleus. In contrast, a weak labeling was noted in other compartments such as the basolateral cytoplasm and the intercellular space.

Polarized distribution of gamma interferon-stimulated MHC antigens and transferrin receptors in a clonal cell line isolated from Fisher rat thyroid (FRT cells).

The characteristics of a polarized epithelial cell line and dynamics of an endogenous polarized plasma membrane constituent were studied by use of an subclone, FRT-9, from the Fisher rat thyroid cell line, FRT. Transmission electron microscopy (conventional, freeze-fracture), determination of transepithelial electrical parameters and immuno-fluorescence study, were used to establish polarity and demonstrated the basolateral distribution of transferrin receptors and the major histocompatibility complex antigens (constitutive Class I or gamma interferon-induced Class II).

Autoradiographic localization of voltage-dependent sodium channels on the mouse neuromuscular junction using 125I-alpha scorpion toxin. II. Sodium distribution on postsynaptic membranes.

A radioiodinated alpha-scorpion toxin (toxin II from Androctonus australis Hector) (alpha ScTx) was used as a probe for EM autoradiography to study the distribution of voltage-dependent sodium channels (Na+ channel) on the postsynaptic side of the mouse neuromuscular junction. Silver grain distribution was analyzed by the cross-fire method to assess the relative Na+ channel density in each membrane domain measured by stereology. This analysis showed that the maximum Na+ channel density was located on the edge of the synaptic gutter, where it reached about twice the mean density in the postsynaptic fold membrane.

[Suramin induces lysosomal storage disorder in HT29-D4 cells during a mechanism of polarized endocytosis].

During the course of suramin-induced differentiation, a marked lysosomal storage disorder is observed in HT29-D4. This impairment could account for the toxic side effects of the drug during clinical trials in humans. It is shown that the perturbation is caused by a process of endocytosis of suramin-serum albumin complexes by the apical membrane of differentiated HT29-D4 cells.

Evidence for probenecid-sensitive organic anion transporters on polarized thyroid cells in culture.

Epithelial thyroid cells in primary cultures loaded with BCECF/AM rapidly released the impermeant fluorescent dye BCECF (bis(carboxyethyl)carboxyfluorescein) in the incubation medium. Cells organized into follicles rapidly cleared BCECF (80% within 10 min) whereas fluorescence microscopy did not show any fluorescence in the follicular cavity. Cells organized into monolayers on plastic exported BCECF into the medium (70% within 40 min) whereas fluorescence microscopy showed intense fluorescence under the domes.

Localization of voltage-sensitive sodium channels on the extrasynaptic membrane surface of mouse skeletal muscle by autoradiography of scorpion toxin binding sites.

Voltage-dependent sodium channels (Na+ channels) were localized by autoradiography on mouse skeletal muscle using both light and electron microscopy. 125I-scorpion toxins (ScTx) of both the alpha and beta type were used as probes. The specificity of labelling was verified by competitive inhibition with unlabelled toxin and by inhibition of alpha ScTx labelling in depolarizing conditions.

Expression of Ia antigens on freshly dissociated mouse thyroid follicles demonstrated by immunofluorescence.

Iak antigens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on CBA mouse thyroid follicles. Isolated thyroid follicles, free of lymphocyte contamination, were obtained by collagenase treatment and mechanical disruption; they were then cytocentrifuged on glass slides. This material was incubated with polyclonal or monoclonal anti Iak antibodies followed by FITC-conjugated F(ab')2.