Intimal angiosarcoma masquerading as retroperitoneal fibrosis.

We present a rare case of intimal angiosarcoma arising from the iliac artery with unusual symptoms and signs mimicking retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF). This 84-year-old male presented with constitutional symptoms, abdominal pain, increased acute-phase reactant levels, impaired renal function and a CT-documented left-sided parailiac soft-tissue mass with unilateral extrinsic ureteric obstruction. Whole-body F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan showed highly increased FDG-uptake in a horseshoe-like pattern surrounding the left common iliac artery, but no pathologic activity elsewhere.

18F-FDG micro-PET/CT for intra-operative margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.

Positive surgical margins for invasive breast cancer (BC) treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) are defined as ink on tumor. The rate of positive margins is approximately 20%, since a time- and cost-effective method for margin assessment is lacking. In this study, we investigated margin status by intra-operative imaging using high-resolution F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and X-ray computed tomography (CT).

Characterization of BAT activity in rats using invasive and non-invasive techniques.

Introduction: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is considered as a potential target for combating obesity in humans where active BAT metabolizes glucose and fatty acids as fuel resulting in heat production. Prospective studies in humans have been set up to further study the presence and metabolic activity of BAT mostly using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging in cold-stimulated conditions with the radiolabeled glucose derivative [18F]FDG. However, radiotracers beyond [18F]FDG have been proposed to investigate BAT activity, targeting various aspects of BAT metabolism.

Radiation Dosimetry and Biodistribution of F-PSMA-11 for PET Imaging of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Many PSMA analog radiotracers for PET/CT prostate cancer staging have been developed, such as Ga-PSMA-11. This radiotracer has achieved good results in multiple clinical trials, but because of the superior imaging characteristics of F-fluoride, F-PSMA-11 was developed.

The diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities to detect pseudarthrosis after spinal fusion-a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities to detect pseudarthrosis after thoracolumbar spinal fusion, with surgical exploration as reference standard.

Materials And Methods: A systematic literature search for original studies was performed on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging as index test compared to surgical exploration as reference standard to diagnose pseudarthrosis after thoracolumbar spinal fusion. Diagnostic accuracy values were extracted and methodologic quality of studies was evaluated by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

Correction: Thyroid Hormone Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Non-Shivering Thermogenesis-A Cohort Study in a Group of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Effect of L-arginine on energy metabolism, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in South Asian and Europid prediabetic men: a randomised double-blinded crossover study.

Aims/hypothesis: Individuals of South Asian origin are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated comorbidities compared with Europids. Disturbances in energy metabolism may contribute to this increased risk. Skeletal muscle and possibly also brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in human energy metabolism and nitric oxide (NO) is suggested to play a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis in both tissues.

Regional alterations of cerebral [F]FDG metabolism in the chronic unpredictable mild stress- and the repeated corticosterone depression model in rats.

Preclinical research has been indispensable in the exploration of the neurological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The present study aimed to examine effects on regional brain activity of two frequently used depression models, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)- and the chronic corticosterone (CORT) depression model. The CUMS and CORT depression model were induced by exposing male Long-Evans rats to a 4-week procedure of unpredictable mild stressors or a 3-week procedure of chronic corticosterone, respectively.

Hypoxia imaging with F-FAZA PET/CT predicts radiotherapy response in esophageal adenocarcinoma xenografts.

Background: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive disease with poor survival rates. A more patient-tailored approach based on predictive biomarkers could improve outcome. We aimed to predict radiotherapy (RT) response by imaging tumor hypoxia with F-FAZA PET/CT in an esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) mouse model.

Automated radiosynthesis of Al[F]PSMA-11 for large scale routine use.

Objectives: We report a reproducible automated radiosynthesis for large scale batch production of clinical grade Al[F]PSMA-11.

Methods: A SynthraFCHOL module was optimized to synthesize Al[F]PSMA-11 by Al[F]-chelation. Results Al[F]PSMA-11 was synthesized within 35min in a yield of 21 ± 3% (24.

Variations in the practice of molecular radiotherapy and implementation of dosimetry: results from a European survey.

Background: Currently, the implementation of dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy (MRT) is not well investigated, and in view of the Council Directive (2013/59/Euratom), there is a need to understand the current availability of dosimetry-based MRT in clinical practice and research studies. The aim of this study was to assess the current practice of MRT and dosimetry across European countries.

Methods: An electronic questionnaire was distributed to European countries.

Dosimetry-based treatment planning for molecular radiotherapy: a summary of the 2017 report from the Internal Dosimetry Task Force.

Background: The European directive on basic safety standards (Council directive 2013/59 Euratom) mandates dosimetry-based treatment planning for radiopharmaceutical therapies. The directive comes into operation February 2018, and the aim of a report produced by the Internal Dosimetry Task Force of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine is to address this aspect of the directive. A summary of the report is presented.

Quantitative Imaging for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry - Technical Review.

Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) is a promising technique for cancer therapy. However, in order to deliver the required dose to the tumor, minimize potential toxicity in normal organs, as well as monitor therapeutic effects, it is important to assess the individualized internal dosimetry based on patient-specific data. Advanced imaging techniques, especially radionuclide imaging, can be used to determine the spatial distribution of administered tracers for calculating the organ-absorbed dose.

Added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing infected hip prosthesis.

Background The diagnosis of infected hip prosthesis is frequently not straightforward yet very important as it changes treatment. Purpose To retrospectively investigate the added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT to conventional tests including radiography, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C-reactive protein (CRP) testing, and joint aspiration, in diagnosing infected hip prosthesis. Material and Methods Seventy-eight hip prostheses of 78 patients (55% men; mean age = 66.

PET imaging of zirconium-89 labelled cetuximab: A phase I trial in patients with head and neck and lung cancer.

Background And Purpose: PET imaging of cetuximab uptake may help selecting cancer patients with the highest chance of benefit. The aim of this phase I trial was to determine the safety of the tracer Zr-cetuximab and to assess tumour uptake.

Methods: Two dose schedules were used; two consecutive doses of 60MBq Zr-cetuximab or a single dose of 120MBq, both preceded by 400mg/m of unlabelled cetuximab.

UHMWPE Sublaminar Wires in Posterior Spinal Instrumentation: Stability and Biocompatibility Assessment in an Ovine Pilot Study.

Study Design: An animal study.

Objective: To explore ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sublaminar wires in spinal surgery and to assess stability and biocompatibility of the UHMWPE instrumentation in an ovine model.

Summary Of Background Data: Sublaminar wiring is a well-established technique in segmental scoliosis surgery.

Comparison of Intraoperative γ-Probe Imaging and Postoperative SPECT/CT in Detection of Sentinel Nodes Related to the Ovary.

Unlabelled: Tracer injection into ovarian ligaments has been shown to detect sentinel nodes (SNs) in patients with ovarian cancer. To determine the possibility that SNs are missed, this feasibility study compared their detection during surgery with their detection on postoperative SPECT/CT.

Methods: In 8 patients (with either ovarian or endometrial cancer), after a staging lymphadenectomy including resection of SNs related to the ovary, SPECT/CT was performed within 24 h.

Fractionated Radiotherapy with 3 x 8 Gy Induces Systemic Anti-Tumour Responses and Abscopal Tumour Inhibition without Modulating the Humoral Anti-Tumour Response.

Accumulating evidence indicates that fractionated radiotherapy (RT) can result in distant non-irradiated (abscopal) tumour regression. Although preclinical studies indicate the importance of T cells in this infrequent phenomenon, these studies do not preclude that other immune mechanisms exhibit an addition role in the abscopal effect. We therefore addressed the question whether in addition to T cell mediated responses also humoral anti-tumour responses are modulated after fractionated RT and whether systemic dendritic cell (DC) stimulation can enhance tumour-specific antibody production.

Dose-Response Relationship in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Undergoing Radioiodine Treatment Assessed by Means of 124I PET/CT.

Unlabelled: The dose-response relationship in a fixed-activity approach generally applied in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer was assessed using (124)I PET/CT.

Methods: Pretherapeutic (124)I PET/CT images of 47 patients scheduled for radioiodine therapy were retrospectively analyzed. (124)I PET/CT images were acquired 24 and 96 h after oral administration of approximately 28 MBq of (124)I-sodium iodide.

Thyroid Hormone Activates Brown Adipose Tissue and Increases Non-Shivering Thermogenesis--A Cohort Study in a Group of Thyroid Carcinoma Patients.

Background/objectives: Thyroid hormone receptors are present on brown adipose tissue (BAT), indicating a role for thyroid hormone in the regulation of BAT activation. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of thyroid hormone withdrawal followed by thyroid hormone in TSH-suppressive dosages, on energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activity.

Subjects/methods: This study was a longitudinal study in an academic center, with a follow-up period of 6 months.

Synthesis and characterization of a new vertebroplasty cement based on gold-containing PMMA microspheres.

There are a number of drawbacks to incorporating large concentrations of barium sulfate (BaSO4) as the radiopacifier in PMMA-based bone cements for percutaneous vertebroplasty. These include adverse effects on injectability, viscosity profile, setting time, mechanical properties of the cement and bone resorption. We have synthesized a novel cement that is designed to address some of these drawbacks.

Short-term Cold Acclimation Recruits Brown Adipose Tissue in Obese Humans.

Recruitment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a potential tool to combat obesity and associated metabolic complications. Short-term cold acclimation has been shown not only to enhance the presence and activity of BAT in lean humans but also to improve the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle to benefit glucose uptake in patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we examined whether short-term cold acclimation also induced such adaptations in 10 metabolically healthy obese male subjects.

Genotype-Dependent Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in Patients With Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.

Context: Patients with pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PGLs) may have brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation induced by catecholamine excess. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) can be used for the localization of both PGLs and BAT. It is unknown whether BAT is specifically affected by altered cellular energy metabolism in patients with SDHx- and VHL-related PGLs.

Supraclavicular skin temperature and BAT activity in lean healthy adults.

The 'gold standard' for measuring brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans is [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT-imaging. With this technique subjects are exposed to ionizing radiation and are therefore limited in the number of scans that can be performed. We investigated the relation between supraclavicular skin temperatures and BAT activity values using a strictly temperature-controlled air-cooling protocol.