A 14-year-old girl with premature ovarian insufficiency but with a positive pregnancy test.

Objectives: Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for premature ovarian insufficiency, especially after treatment with alkylating agents. The objective of this report is to highlight a case in which this phenomenon caused a false-positive pregnancy test.

Case Presentation: A workup was performed in a 14-year-old girl with a positive pregnancy test.

Treatment and outcome of the Dutch Childhood Craniopharyngioma Cohort study: First results after centralization of care.

Background: Childhood craniopharyngioma (cCP) has excellent survival, but quality of life may be severely hampered by hypothalamic dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate treatment and hypothalamic outcomes of a Dutch cCP cohort, and evaluate the effect of centralization of care.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed, including cCP patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2021.

Safety of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Childhood-Onset Craniopharyngioma: A Systematic Review and Cohort Study.

Introduction: Survival of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (cCP) is excellent; however, many survivors suffer from hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. Growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) is of high importance for linear growth and metabolic outcome. Optimal timing for initiation of GHRT in cCP is on debate because of concerns regarding tumor progression or recurrence.

Hormone replacement in survivors of childhood cancer and brain tumors: safety and controversies.

Childhood cancer survivors are at risk for developing endocrine disorders, including deficits in growth hormone, thyroid hormone and sex hormones. The influence these hormones have on cell growth and metabolism has raised concerns regarding the safety of their use as treatments in survivors of childhood cancer and brain tumors. This article offers a summary of current knowledge, controversies and areas for future research pertaining to this area.

Transition From Diencephalic Syndrome to Hypothalamic Obesity in Children With Suprasellar Low Grade Glioma: A Case Series.

Background: Children with suprasellar low grade glioma (LGG) frequently develop problems to maintain their body weight within the normal range, due to hypothalamic dysfunction. Hypothalamic damage may result in the diencephalic syndrome (DS), characterized by underweight or failure to thrive, but also in hypothalamic obesity (HO). Children with LGG presenting with DS at young age often develop HO later in life.

Dextroamphetamine Treatment in Children With Hypothalamic Obesity.

Introduction: Hypothalamic obesity (HO) in children has severe health consequences. Lifestyle interventions are mostly insufficient and currently no drug treatment is approved for children with HO. Amphetamines are known for their stimulant side-effect on resting energy expenditure (REE) and suppressing of appetite.

Serum hepcidin concentrations in relation to iron status in children with type 1 diabetes.

Chronic low-grade inflammation in type 1 diabetes (T1D) might increase hepcidin synthesis, possibly resulting in functional iron deficiency (FID). We hypothesized that in T1D children with FID, hepcidin concentrations are increased compared to those with normal iron status and those with absolute iron deficiency (AID). We evaluated hepcidin concentrations in T1D children in relation to iron status, and investigated whether hepcidin is useful in assessing FID.

[A toddler with a rare complication of scarlet fever].

Background: Haemolytic group A streptococci (GAS) are the most common bacterial cause of infection in the Netherlands. These bacteria can cause many different non-invasive infections, including scarlet fever.

Case Description: A two-year-old girl presented with fever, tachycardia, exanthema and swelling in the neck.

Mutations in IRS4 are associated with central hypothyroidism.

Background: Four genetic causes of isolated congenital central hypothyroidism (CeH) have been identified, but many cases remain unexplained. We hypothesised the existence of other genetic causes of CeH with a Mendelian inheritance pattern.

Methods: We performed exome sequencing in two families with unexplained isolated CeH and subsequently Sanger sequenced unrelated idiopathic CeH cases.

Iron status and its association with HbA1c levels in Dutch children with diabetes mellitus type 1.

Unlabelled: Children with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 may be at risk for iron deficiency (ID) although this has been little studied. ID is either an absolute (depleted iron stores) or a functional (restricted iron stores due to chronic inflammation) deficiency each requiring a different therapeutic approach. Unfortunately, absolute ID is often not distinguished from functional ID.

A Girl With Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome and Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1B Due to Multiple Imprinting Defects.

Context: Several patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) with multiple imprinting defects found by genetic analysis have been described. However, only two cases have been described with both genetic and clinical signs and symptoms of multiple diseases caused by imprinting defects.

Case Description: The girl in this case presented at the age of 6 months with morbid obesity (body mass index, +7.

The world's tallest nation has stopped growing taller: the height of Dutch children from 1955 to 2009.

Background: Records show that mean height in The Netherlands has increased since 1858. This study looks at whether this trend in the world's tallest nation is continuing. We consider the influence of the geographical region, and of the child and parental education, on changes in height.

Absence of clinically relevant growth acceleration in untreated children with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Background/aims: In classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), elevation of adrenal androgens leads to accelerated growth and bone maturation with compromised adult height. In untreated children with non-classical CAH (NC-CAH), in which adrenal androgens are generally only slightly increased, growth velocity may not be significantly elevated.

Methods: Twenty-four patients were included and divided into a symptomatic and an asymptomatic group.

Increase in prevalence of overweight in Dutch children and adolescents: a comparison of nationwide growth studies in 1980, 1997 and 2009.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Dutch children and adolescents, to examine the 30-years trend, and to create new body mass index reference charts.

Design: Nationwide cross-sectional data collection by trained health care professionals.

Participants: 10,129 children of Dutch origin aged 0-21 years.

The jumping SHOX gene--crossover in the pseudoautosomal region resulting in unusual inheritance of Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis.

Context: During meiosis I, the recombination frequency in the pseudoautosomal region on Xp and Yp (PAR1) in males is very high. As a result, mutated genes located within the PAR1 region can be transferred from the Y-chromosome to the X-chromosome and vice versa.

Patients: Here we describe three families with SHOX abnormalities resulting in Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis or Langer mesomelic dysplasia.

Randomized GH trial with two different dosages in combination with a GnRH analogue in short small for gestational age children: effects on metabolic profile and serum GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels.

Background: GnRH analogue (GnRHa) combined with GH treatment has been proposed to increase adult height. Effect on metabolic profile and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels in short small for gestational age (SGA) children is unknown.

Objective: To assess fat mass and lean body mass SDS, percentage trunk fat, blood pressure (BP), insulin sensitivity (Si), beta-cell function (disposition index, DI), lipid profile, and GH, IGF1, and IGFBP3 levels during 2 years of combined treatment.

Efficacy and safety of long-term continuous growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome.

Background: Children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have abnormal body composition and impaired growth. Short-term GH treatment has beneficial effects.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate effects of long-term continuous GH treatment on body composition, growth, bone maturation, and safety parameters.