Insights into Within-Host Evolution and Dynamics of Oral and Intestinal Streptococci Unveil Niche Adaptation.

The oral-gut axis is a complex system linking the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, impacting host health and microbial composition. This study investigates genetic changes and adaptive mechanisms employed by streptococci-one of the few genera capable of colonizing oral and intestinal niches-within the same individual. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on 218 streptococcal isolates from saliva and fecal samples of 14 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and 12 healthy controls.

SLC7A5 is required for cancer cell growth under arginine-limited conditions.

Tumor cells must optimize metabolite acquisition between synthesis and uptake from a microenvironment characterized by hypoxia, lactate accumulation, and depletion of many amino acids, including arginine. We performed a metabolism-focused functional screen using CRISPR-Cas9 to identify pathways and factors that enable tumor growth in an arginine-depleted environment. Our screen identified the SLC-family transporter SLC7A5 as required for growth, and we hypothesized that this protein functions as a high-affinity citrulline transporter.

The 'Quartered Head Technique': a simple, reliable way of maintaining leg length and offset during total hip arthroplasty.

Introduction: Various techniques have been described for restoring leg length and offset during total hip arthroplasty (THA). We herein describe a novel "Quartered Head Technique" (QHT) involving a series of femoral osteotomies.

Methods: 124 hips were included in the analysis.

Saturation of the compression of two interacting magnetized plasma toroids evidenced in the laboratory.

Interactions between magnetic fields advected by matter play a fundamental role in the Universe at a diverse range of scales. A crucial role these interactions play is in making turbulent fields highly anisotropic, leading to observed ordered fields. These in turn, are important evolutionary factors for all the systems within and around.

Bridging perspectives - A review and synthesis of 53 theoretical models of delusions.

The degree to which numerous existing models of delusion formation disagree or propose common mechanisms remains unclear. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of delusion aetiology, we summarised 53 theoretical models of delusions extracted from a systematic literature search. We identified central aspects and unique or overarching features of five core perspectives: cognitive (n = 22), associative learning (n = 4), social (n = 6), neurobiological (n = 6), and Bayesian inference (n = 15).

Direct mitochondrial import of lactate supports resilient carbohydrate oxidation.

Lactate is the highest turnover circulating metabolite in mammals. While traditionally viewed as a waste product, lactate is an important energy source for many organs, but first must be oxidized to pyruvate for entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). This reaction is thought to occur in the cytosol, with pyruvate subsequently transported into mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC).

Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams.

Relativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black-hole and neutron-star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with electron-positron pairs. Their role in the dynamics of such environments is in many cases believed to be fundamental, but their behavior differs significantly from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies, which are rather limited.

Visualizing threat and trustworthiness prior beliefs in face perception in high versus low paranoia.

Predictive processing accounts of psychosis conceptualize delusions as overly strong learned expectations (prior beliefs) that shape cognition and perception. Paranoia, the most prevalent form of delusions, involves threat prior beliefs that are inherently social. Here, we investigated whether paranoia is related to overly strong threat prior beliefs in face perception.

Sleep spindle activity and psychotic experiences: Examining the mediating roles of attentional performance and perceptual distortions in a daytime nap study.

Decreased sleep spindle activity in individuals with psychotic disorders is well studied, but its contribution to psychotic symptom formation is not well understood. This study explored potential underlying mechanisms explaining the association between decreased sleep spindle activity and psychotic symptoms. To this end, we analysed the links between sleep spindle activity and psychotic experiences and probed for the mediating roles of attentional performance and perceptual distortions in a community sample of young adults (N = 70; 26.

Current Concepts: Corrective Osteotomy for Extra-Articular Deformity Following a Distal Radius Fracture.

Fracture malunion alters wrist and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) biomechanics, resulting in incongruence and instability of the DRUJ. Selected patients with painful functional limitation and significant deformity of the radius, but without advanced degenerative joint disease, may benefit from corrective distal radial osteotomy. Non-union and complications arising from metalwork are the most common reasons for reoperation.

Surgical management of distal humerus gunshot fractures: descriptive case series.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report our 5 years surgical experience and the rate of neurovascular injury following gunshot fractures of the distal humerus in a in level-1 Trauma Centre in South Africa.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 25 consecutive adult gunshot injuries to the distal humerus. Demographic and injury data were extracted from clinical case notes and electronic operative records.

Protein-metabolite interactomics of carbohydrate metabolism reveal regulation of lactate dehydrogenase.

Metabolic networks are interconnected and influence diverse cellular processes. The protein-metabolite interactions that mediate these networks are frequently low affinity and challenging to systematically discover. We developed mass spectrometry integrated with equilibrium dialysis for the discovery of allostery systematically (MIDAS) to identify such interactions.

Back Pain without Disease or Substantial Injury in Children and Adolescents: A Twin Family Study Investigating Genetic Influence and Associations.

This twin family study first aimed to investigate the evidence for genetic factors predicting the risk of lifetime prevalence of non-specific low back pain of at least three months duration (LBP (life)) and one-month current prevalence of thoracolumbar back pain (TLBP (current)) using a study of children, adolescents, and their first-degree relatives. Secondly, the study aimed to identify associations between pain in the back with pain in other regions and also with other conditions of interest. Randomly selected families ( = 2479) with child or adolescent twin pairs and their biological parents and first siblings were approached by Twins Research Australia.

Haploidentical γδ T Cells Induce Complete Remission in Chemorefractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

The transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to an aggressive lymphoma, called Richter transformation, is often accompanied by resistance to chemotherapy and high mortality. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are required for the successful treatment of these patients. One possibility is cellular immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells.

First-line Treatment With Bendamustine and Rituximab for Old and Frail Patients With Aggressive Lymphoma: Results of the B-R-ENDA Trial.

The incidence of aggressive B-cell lymphomas increases with age, but for elderly or frail patients not eligible for doxorubicin-containing treatment standard therapy remains to be defined. In this prospective, multicenter, phase-2 B-R-ENDA trial, we investigated the feasibility, toxicity, and efficacy of 8 cycles rituximab combined with 6 cycles bendamustine (BR) in elderly or frail aggressive B-cell lymphoma patients: 39 patients aged >80 years and 29 patients aged 61-80 years with elevated Cumulative Illness Rating Scalescore >6 were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years were 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-61%) and 46% (28%-63%) for the patients age >80, as well 32% (13%-51%) and 37% (17%-57%) for frail patients age 64-80, respectively.

Collateral deletion of the mitochondrial AAA+ ATPase ATAD1 sensitizes cancer cells to proteasome dysfunction.

The tumor suppressor gene is the second most commonly deleted gene in cancer. Such deletions often include portions of the chromosome 10q23 locus beyond the bounds of itself, which frequently disrupts adjacent genes. Coincidental loss of -adjacent genes might impose vulnerabilities that could either affect patient outcome basally or be exploited therapeutically.

The oral-gut axis: Salivary and fecal microbiome dysbiosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that fall into two main categories: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The gastrointestinal tract extends from the mouth to the anus and harbors diverse bacterial communities. Several sequencing-based studies have identified an intestinal enrichment of oral-associated bacteria and demonstrated their ability to induce intestinal inflammation in mice, suggesting that intestinal pathobionts originate from the oral cavity, particularly members of the genus .

Glutamine synthetase limits β-catenin-mutated liver cancer growth by maintaining nitrogen homeostasis and suppressing mTORC1.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes de novo synthesis of glutamine that facilitates cancer cell growth. In the liver, GS functions next to the urea cycle to remove ammonia waste. As a dysregulated urea cycle is implicated in cancer development, the impact of GS's ammonia clearance function has not been explored in cancer.

Use of clinical pharmacy services by American Indians and Alaska Native adults with cardiovascular disease.

Introduction: The Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health programs provide clinical pharmacy services to improve health outcomes among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: The study's primary objective was to describe characteristics, including social determinants of health (SDOH), associated with clinical pharmacy utilization by AI/ANs with CVD who accessed IHS/Tribal services. A secondary objective assessed changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) associated with such utilization.

Preoperative Factors Associated with Target Lesion Revascularization following Endovascular Therapy of the Superficial Femoral Artery.

Objectives: In patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), endovascular revascularization of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) is the most frequent intervention. A major drawback of endovascular procedures is clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR), which may cause recurrence of symptoms, re-hospitalizations, and re-interventions. Outcome studies comparing endovascular modalities are heterogeneous and focus more on intraoperative rather than preoperative aspects.

Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis.

Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors' personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis of this vast literature.