Musical hallucinations: review of treatment effects.

Background: Despite an increased scientific interest in musical hallucinations over the past 25 years, treatment protocols are still lacking. This may well be due to the fact that musical hallucinations have multiple causes, and that published cases are relatively rare.

Objective: To review the effects of published treatment methods for musical hallucinations.

Long-term ongoing pregnancy rate and mode of conception after a positive and negative post-coital test.

Objective: Many fertility clinics have decided to abolish the post-coital test. Yet, it is a significant factor in prognostic models that predict the spontaneous pregnancy rate within one year. The aim of this study was to evaluate (1) the long-term outcome of infertile couples with a positive or a negative post-coital test during their fertility work-up and (2) the contribution of the different modes of conception.

Severity of oligo-asteno-teratozoospermia no longer determines overall success rate in male subfertility.

In this longitudinal multicentre cohort study, the overall ongoing pregnancy rate after current evidence-based management in male subfertility was studied. All subfertile couples who visited the fertility clinic for the first time between 2002 and 2006, and had male subfertility as a single diagnosis (n = 762 of 2476 couples), were included in this study. Couples were grouped by the severity of male factor.

Is the fertility treatment itself a risk factor for early pregnancy loss?

This longitudinal multicentre cohort study aimed to identify the role of the conception mode in infertile couples with an early pregnancy loss (EPL). All couples referred to the fertility clinic for the first time in the period 2002-2006 because of infertility were followed up to their first clinical pregnancy (n=1809). EPL was the outcome of 286 (15.

Unexplained infertility: overall ongoing pregnancy rate and mode of conception.

Background: Unexplained infertility is one of the most common diagnoses in fertility care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of current fertility management in unexplained infertility.

Methods: In an observational, longitudinal, multicentre cohort study, 437 couples were diagnosed with unexplained infertility and were available for analysis.

[Ten years of results of in-vitro fertilisation in the Netherlands 1996-2005].

Objective: To present the numbers and results of Dutch IVF treatment from 1996-2005 and to describe trends and differences between centres.

Design: Retrospective data-collection, description and analysis.

Method: The annual statistics from all Dutch IVF centres covering the years 1996-2005 were collected, described and analysed.

Removal of cervical mucus: effect on pregnancy rates in IVF/ICSI.

Cervical mucus may cover the embryo transfer catheter during passage of the cervical canal, interfering with the correct placement of the embryo(s) into the uterine cavity. The effect of removal of cervical mucus prior to embryo transfer in IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on live birth rate was studied. The study was set up as a single blind randomized controlled trial.

The length of the fertile window is associated with the chance of spontaneously conceiving an ongoing pregnancy in subfertile couples.

The period in each menstrual cycle during which sexual intercourse can result in conception is called the "fertile window". Although the fertile window closes on the day of ovulation, little is known about the moment it opens. We defined the first day of normal sperm-mucus interaction as the opening of the fertile window.

[Results of in vitro fertilization in the Netherlands, 1996-2000].

Objective: To describe the annual results in all 13 Dutch in vitro fertilisation (IVF) centres in the period 1996-2000, and to look for possible differences between individual centres and years.

Design: Retrospective data collection, description and analysis.

Method: The results collected on the website of the Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Dutch acronym: NVOG; www.

Successful induction of ovulation in normogonadotrophic clomiphene resistant anovulatory women by combined naltrexone and clomiphene citrate treatment.

Patients suffering from normogonadotrophic anovulation and infertility are initially treated with clomiphene citrate. Those who do not respond to clomiphene citrate usually receive gonadotrophin treatment which is labour-intensive, expensive, and associated with an increased risk of multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We treated 22 patients with clomiphene resistant normogonadotrophic anovulation with naltrexone (an opioid receptor blocker) alone or naltrexone in combination with an antioestrogen.

Direct intraperitoneal insemination compared to intrauterine insemination in superovulated cycles: a randomized cross-over study.

The aim of this randomized cross-over study was to determine whether direct intraperitoneal insemination (DIPI) is superior to intrauterine insemination (IUI) in hyperstimulated cycles. The treatment cycles were stimulated with either clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotrophins, or buserelin and human menopausal gonadotrophins. 207 subfertile couples with a cervical factor, a male factor, a combined cervical and male factor, or an unexplained subfertility were randomly assigned to the first treatment cycle.

Intravenous pulsatile administration of gonadotrophins in an in-vitro fertilization programme.

A group of 70 patients with 181 previously failed cycles of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) (including intra-muscular administration of gonadotrophins) achieved ongoing pregnancy rates of 29.3% per started cycle when gonadotrophins were administered intravenously in a pulsatile fashion, during suppression with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue. The ongoing pregnancy rates of 175 patients treated with gonadotrophins intramuscularly and who also had at least one previous failed IVF cycle and who were treated during the same period in the same IVF programme was 15.

Delayed interval delivery in a triplet pregnancy; a case report.

A case report is presented in which a triplet pregnancy ended in an immature delivery of triplet A at 20 weeks gestation, followed by a successful delay in delivery of 49 days of triplets B and C by means of a cervical cerclage and tocolysis. This is the first reported case in which two living infants could be vaginally delivered after a preceding vaginal delivery of the third infant in a triplet pregnancy.

[Partial meniscectomy via arthroscope in patients over 50 years old].

Between July 1983 and July 1986 115 patients, aged 50 years and older, suffering from 122 meniscal tears, were treated by arthroscopic surgery. Of these, 109 patients with 116 meniscectomy could be seen for a follow-up examination 2 years postoperatively. Patients of 50 years and older are known to need a long hospitalisation and a long rehabilitation period after an open meniscectomy.

Influence of occupation and living habits on semen quality in men (scrotal insulation and semen quality).

Fifty-six males from infertile couples were categorised into two different groups and their semen quality examined. Patients in which there was no evidence of interference with normal testicular thermoregulation either during the day or the night were classified as 'cool workers' and 'cool sleepers' (Group I, n = 26). In the other group (II), 'warm workers'/'warm sleepers' (n = 30), there was evidence for scrotal insulation.

The rhythmicity of fetal breathing varies with behavioural state in the human fetus.

The rhythmicity of human fetal breathing movements was studied during two different behavioural states (1F and 2F, respectively), using real-time B-scan-directed M-mode ultrasound recordings. The mean breath-to-breath interval durations and the standard deviations (SD), and the standard deviations of the interval differences (SDDSI) were calculated. The mean breath-to-breath interval duration was not significantly shorter during 1F than during 2F.

Are there behavioural states in the human fetus?

The aim of this study was to search for the existence of behavioural states in the human fetus and to describe their developmental course. In a longitudinal study, 14 low-risk fetuses were studied at 2-week intervals from 32 weeks of gestation onward. Fetal body movements as well as fetal eye movements, visualized by means of real-time ultrasonic imaging, and fetal heart rate patterns, recorded by means of a cardiotocograph, were used as state variables.

Human fetal eye movements: detection in utero by ultrasonography.

Eye movements of the human fetus were detected in utero by means of real-time B-scan and M-mode ultrasonography. In 14 low-risk fetuses studied between 32 weeks menstrual age and term either rapid or slow eye movements or a mixture of both types were detected in 60 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) of 558 2 min scoring epochs. A comparison of direct echoscopic detection of eye movements in a 3-day-old neonate confirmed that the movements observed in the orbital region with the real-time scanner corresponded well with eye movements seen directly.

Maternal morbidity due to beta-adrenergic therapy. Pre-existing cardiomyopathy aggravated by fenoterol.

In the 32nd wk, fenoterol was administered to a patient during her first pregnancy because of premature rupture of the membranes and uterine contractions after 2 wk of medication. At 8 microgram/min of fenoterol, total irregularity of the maternal pulse occurred. In the 35th wk, cesarean section had to be performed because of fetal asphyxia at 5 cm of cervical dilatation.

Indications for arthroscopy in mon- and polyarticular arthritis.

In many cases clinical and laboratory data and x-rays are insufficient to diagnose the aetiology of synovitis in gonarthritis and to plan adequate treatment. The efficacy of arthroscopy in the management of the knee lesion was studied in mon- and polyarthritis. A classification of 'very useful', 'useful' and 'not useful' was used.