Delayed onset arginine vasopressin deficiency after traumatic brain injury.

Summary: Delayed arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) can present in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may occur years after the trauma, presenting with nonspecific symptoms. The objective of this case is to highlight the importance of considering the delayed onset AVP-D in patients with a history of TBI. We report a case of a patient who had sustained severe traumatic brain injury 8 years before and who presented with polydipsia, behavioural disorder and frequent falls during the last 3 months.

Effectiveness of the preventive administration of vasoactive amines in counterbalancing significant patient blood pressure drops following nimodipine administration during mechanical thrombectomy procedures.

Background: Focal vasospasm (FV) of the occluded vessel can occur during the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Nimodipine is commonly used to treat vasospasm and can play a role in distinguishing it from artery narrowing due to iatrogenic dissection or residual clot. However, nimodipine administration can result in arterial hypotension and subsequent enlargement of the ischemic core.

A new modified technique of dynamic CT myelography to detect dural tears in spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

We propose a modified dynamic CT-myelography technique for patients with fast CSF leaks caused by ventral dural tears in order to reduce radiation exposure and complications. A fluoroscopy-guided lumbar puncture using an epidural anesthesia kit replaces a CT-guided lumbar puncture, and a smaller volume of less concentrated contrast media is used. This approach has advantages, including speeding up the procedure, reduced radiation exposure, and elimination of the risk of contrast injection into the epidural space.

Three-dimensional rotational angiography improves mechanical thrombectomy recanalization rate for acute ischaemic stroke due to middle cerebral artery M2 segment occlusions.

Background: Occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) M2 segments can be difficult to address with mechanical thrombectomy (MTB) using standard projections and this can affect the final recanalization. Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) allows to obtain a 3D model of cerebral vessels in a few seconds and to determine the best two-dimensional (2D) projections to be selected to evaluate and treat cerebrovascular diseases, such as aneurysms or vascular malformations. We aimed to determine if 3D-RA could be applied also in MTB.

Characterization of meningiomas with synthetic imaging.

Introduction: Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) is a novel quantitative and qualitative technique that permits the reconstruction of multiple image contrasts and quantitative maps from a single scan, thereby providing quantitative information and reducing scan times. The purpose of this study is to characterize intracranial meningiomas using SyMRI.

Methods: The study included 35 patients with meningiomas (6 males, 29 females; mean age 61 ± 17 years; range 21-90 years).

Sustainability Dimensions of the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review of the Indicators Used and Its Results.

The concern about sustainability is growing and the Mediterranean diet has been extensively identified as a promising model, with benefits for human and environmental health. This systematic review aims to identify and describe the indicators that have been used to evaluate the sustainability of the Mediterranean diet and the results from their application. A methodology using PRISMA guidelines was followed, and searches were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and GreenFile.

Metabolic changes in the cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and white matter in anorexia nervosa using multivoxel MR spectroscopy.

Background And Purpose: This study aimed to highlight anorexia nervosa-related metabolic changes in different brain regions with different gray and white matter contents.

Methods: In a prospective study, 25 anorexic patients with mean body mass index (BMI) of 14.79 kg/m (range 10.

Health behaviours as predictors of the Mediterranean diet adherence: a decision tree approach.

Objective: This study aimed to identify health behaviours that determine adolescent's adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) through a decision tree statistical approach.

Design: Cross-sectional study, with data collected through a self-fulfilment questionnaire with five sections: (1) eating habits; (2) adherence to the MD (KIDMED index); (3) physical activity; (4) health habits and (5) socio-demographic characteristics. Anthropometric and blood pressure data were collected by a trained research team.

Is Contrast Medium Really Needed for Follow-up MRI of Untreated Intracranial Meningiomas?

Background And Purpose: Recent concerns relating to tissue deposition of gadolinium are favoring the use of noncontrast MR imaging whenever possible. The purpose of this study was to assess the necessity of gadolinium contrast for follow-up MR imaging of untreated intracranial meningiomas.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred twenty-two patients (35 men, 87 women) with meningiomas who underwent brain MR imaging between May 2007 and May 2019 in our institution were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Experimental evaluation of direct thromboaspiration efficacy according to the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot.

Background: Successful direct thromboaspiration (DTA) is related to several factors such as clot consistency, size, and location. It has also been demonstrated recently that the angle of interaction (AOI) formed by the aspiration catheter and the clot is related to DTA efficacy. The aims of this study were three-fold: (a) to confirm the clinical finding that the AOI formed by the aspiration catheter and the clot influence DTA efficacy; (b) to evaluate to what extent this influence varies according to differences in clot consistency and size; and (c) to validate stent retriever thrombectomy as an effective rescue treatment after DTA failure in the presence of an unfavorable AOI.

The Perplexity Surrounding Chiari Malformations - Are We Any Wiser Now?

Chiari malformations are a diverse group of abnormalities of the brain, craniovertebral junction, and the spine. Chiari 0, I, and 1.5 malformations, likely a spectrum of the same malformation with increasing severity, are due to the inadequacy of the para-axial mesoderm, which leads to insufficient development of occipital somites.

Imaging of the spine and spinal cord: An overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.

This review will discuss conventional and advanced magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging techniques used to study the spine and spinal cord according to the anatomical structures and clinical indications. Clinical challenges that neuroradiologists may face are also discussed, such as the "when" and "where" concerning the use of each technique, and in which pathology or clinical scenario each technique is useful. Finally, some "tips and tricks" to overcome the challenges are provided with clinical examples.

Hemorrhagic Plaques in Mild Carotid Stenosis: The Risk of Stroke.

Objectives: Embolic ischemic strokes cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. It has been proposed that some of these strokes are due to unstable carotid plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) but a low overall degree of stenosis. Our aim was to test a fat-saturated T1-weighted (T1WI) black-blood sequence on MRI for the detection of IPH in symptomatic individuals and to quantify the relation between IPH, severity of stenoses, and ischemic brain lesions.

A method for fast automated assessment of the magnetic resonance parkinsonism index.

In patients with parkinsonian syndromes, and particularly during the early stages of the clinical disease, differentiating between idiopathic Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy is challenging. Imaging plays an important role in early diagnosis, and the magnetic resonance parkinsonism index was shown to reliably differentiate between the two entities. Calculation of the index is a time-consuming process.

Direct thromboaspiration efficacy for mechanical thrombectomy is related to the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot.

Background: Direct thromboaspiration has been reported as an effective mechanical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot affects the success of clot removal in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation.

Methods: All patients treated at our institution by direct thromboaspiration as a firstline technique between January 2016 and December 2017 were enrolled in the study.

Cerebral Gray and White Matter Involvement in Anorexia Nervosa Evaluated by T1, T2, and T2* Mapping.

Background And Purpose: Changes in the brain composition of anorexics could potentially be expected, opening the door to new imaging approaches where quantitative and qualitative MRI have a role. Our purpose was to investigate anorexia-related brain dehydration and myelin depletion by analyzing T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times of different brain structures in anorexics and controls.

Methods: Thirty-eight anorexic female patients (mean age, 26.

Incidentalomas in Spine and Spinal Cord Imaging.

Incidentalomas are common in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine. These incidental findings (IFs) can be seen involving the spinal cord, nerve root, vertebral body, posterior arch and the extraspinal region. This review article describes the imaging findings, stratifies the IFs similar to the computed tomography (CT) colonography reporting and data system and briefly mentions the current recommendations for further evaluation and management of IFs.

Morphological and Advanced Imaging of Epilepsy: Beyond the Basics.

The etiology of epilepsy is variable and sometimes multifactorial. Clinical course and response to treatment largely depend on the precise etiology of the seizures. Along with the electroencephalogram (EEG), neuroimaging techniques, in particular, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are the most important tools for determining the possible etiology of epilepsy.

Neuroimaging of acute and chronic unilateral and bilateral thalamic lesions.

The thalami are bilateral ovoid grey matter cerebral structures bordering the third ventricle on both sides, which participate in functions such as relaying of sensory and motor signals, regulation of consciousness, and alertness. Pathologies affecting the thalami can be of neoplastic, infectious, vascular, toxic, metabolic, or congenital origin.The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive approach to the thalamus focusing on its anatomy, the main pathologies affecting this structure and their radiological semiology on CT and MRI.

Feasibility of a Synthetic MR Imaging Sequence for Spine Imaging.

Background And Purpose: Synthetic MR imaging is a method that can produce multiple contrasts from a single sequence, as well as quantitative maps. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a synthetic MR image for spine imaging.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight patients with clinical indications of infectious, degenerative, and neoplastic disease underwent an MR imaging of the spine (11 cervical, 8 dorsal, and 19 lumbosacral MR imaging studies).

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques of the spine and spinal cord in children and adults.

Unlabelled: In this article, we illustrate the main advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques used for imaging of the spine and spinal cord in children and adults. This work focuses on daily clinical practice and aims to address the most common questions and needs of radiologists. We will also provide tips to solve common problems with which we were confronted.

Clinical applications of diffusion weighted imaging in neuroradiology.

Unlabelled: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has revolutionised stroke imaging since its introduction in the mid-1980s, and it has also become a pillar of current neuroimaging. Diffusion abnormalities represent alterations in the random movement of water molecules in tissues, revealing their microarchitecture, and occur in many neurological conditions. DWI provides useful information, increasing the sensitivity of MRI as a diagnostic tool, narrowing the differential diagnosis, providing prognostic information, aiding in treatment planning and evaluating response to treatment.

Normal Values of Magnetic Relaxation Parameters of Spine Components with the Synthetic MRI Sequence.

Background And Purpose: SyMRI is a technique developed to perform quantitative MR imaging. Our aim was to analyze its potential use for measuring relaxation times of normal components of the spine and to compare them with values found in the literature using relaxometry and other techniques.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two spine MR imaging studies (10 cervical, 5 dorsal, 17 lumbosacral) were included.