Paternal symptoms of anxiety and depression in the first month after childbirth: A comparison between fathers of full term and preterm infants.

Background: Although men have a higher risk of developing a mental disorder during the perinatal period, few studies have focused on new fathers' mental health screening. This study compares anxiety and depression symptoms between fathers with newborn infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and fathers of healthy full-term infants, assessing the impact of stress caused by the NICU..

Extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm infant: etiology, diagnosis, and 2-year follow-up.

In very-preterm small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, long-term postnatal growth is confused with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). We aimed to document EUGR in SGA infants and in non-SGA infants ("true-EUGR") and its relationship with fetal, maternal, and neonatal etiological factors. Four hundred seventy-nine very-preterm infants (< 32 weeks) born between 2003 and 2014 and attending the follow-up clinic were included.

Adherence to the neonatal resuscitation algorithm for preterm infants in a tertiary hospital in Spain.

Background: There is evidence that delivery room resuscitation of very preterm infants often deviates from internationally recommended guidelines. There were no published data in Spain regarding the quality of neonatal resuscitation. Therefore, we decided to evaluate resuscitation team adherence to neonatal resuscitation guidelines after birth in very preterm infants.

[Underwater delivery. Consensus of the Spanish Neonatology Society and the Perinatal Section of the Spanish Obstetrics and Gynecology Society].

Immersion in water during labor and delivery as an alternative to traditional delivery is a practice that has increased in many countries. This technique is effective in reducing pain and duration of labor. The American Academy of Pediatrics and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have published a clinical report which indicates the potential maternal benefits during the first stage of labor but, questions the performance of this technique during delivery and birth of the newborn.

Metabolic bone disease and bone mineral density in very preterm infants.

Objectives: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in preterm neonates at discharge and identify the optimum cutoff values for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and phosphorus (P) concentrations to diagnose the severity of metabolic bone disease of prematurity.

Study Design: A total of 336 preterm neonates (≤ 31 weeks' gestation and birth weight ≤ 1500 g) were prospectively evaluated for BMD before discharge using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Results: BMD reference values (at ALP ≤ 500 IU/L) were measured in 279 patients.

[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: definitions and classifications].

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common sequelae related to very low birth weight infants, mostly with those of extremely low birth weight. Even with advances in prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome associated with prematurity, there is still no decrease in the incidence in this population, although a change in its clinical expression and severity has been observed. There are, however, differences in its frequency between health centres, probably due to a non-homogeneously used clinical definition.

[Recommendations for neonatal transport].

During pregnancy, it is not always possible to identify maternal or foetal risk factors. Infants requiring specialised medical care are not always born in centres providing intensive care and will need to be transferred to a referral centre where intensive care can be provided. Therefore Neonatal Transport needs to be considered as part of the organisation of perinatal health care.

[Health care levels and minimum recommendations for neonatal care].

A policy statement on the levels of care and minimum recommendations for neonatal healthcare was first proposed by the Standards Committee and the Board of the Spanish Society of Neonatology in 2004. This allowed us to define the level of care of each center in our country, as well as the health and technical requirements by levels of care to be defined. This review takes into account changes in neonatal care in the last few years and to optimize the location of resources.

[Screening for cytomegalovirus infection in very low birth weight infants].

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital and acquired vertically transmitted viral infection in humans. The aim of the study is to determine the clinical relevance of this infection in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in our area.

Patients And Method: Preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 31 weeks) with a birth weight ≤ 1500g treated between March 2006 and December 2010 were included.

Impact of chorioamnionitis on exhaled nitric oxide and endotracheal aspirate levels of nitrites-nitrates and interleukin-8 in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates.

Objectives: To assess the influence of maternal chorioamnionitis on early exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and levels of nitrites-nitrates and interleukin (IL)-8 in endotracheal aspirate fluid in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. PATIENT-SUBJECT SELECTION: Between September 2007 and August 2009, 54 mechanically ventilated preterm neonates were included.

Intravenous immunoglobulin and necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns with hemolytic disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether the use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in late-preterm and term newborns with severe isoimmune hemolytic jaundice caused by Rh and ABO incompatibility was a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods: An observational, retrospective study that encompassed 16 years was conducted. A total of 492 liveborn infants who were of >or=34 weeks' gestation and had severe isoimmune hemolytic jaundice caused by Rh (n = 91) and ABO (n = 401) incompatibility and were treated with phototherapy were included in the study.

[Retinopathy of prematurity. Prevention, screening and treatment guidelines].

ROP screening is carried out at all the Spanish hospitals, but there is little agreement on the criteria used for its screening and other aspects related to its practice. Our aim is to report on recommendations for prevention, screening, treatment and follow-up of the retinopathy of prematurity in Spain. Prevention strategies and recommendations for screening, exploration and treatment of ROP, as well as of the organisation of the services to carry out it are reviewed.

Attempt to normalize simulated exhaled nitric oxide according to ventilatory settings.

Background: Simulated exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) depends on ventilatory settings used in different experimental conditions.

Objectives: To normalize the simulated minute exhaled nitric oxide according to different ventilatory settings.

Working Hypothesis: Different ventilatory settings influence the concentrations of exhaled nitric oxide and these results can be normalized.

[Long-term cognitive dysfunctions in preterm subjects with intraventricular haemorrhage].

Introduction: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in the neonatal period has been associated to developmental impairment or delay in preterm born children and adolescents. To our knowledge there is no study in literature which describes the effects of neonatal IVH in preterm subjects on different specific cognitive functions in adolescent samples. AIM.

[Long-term cognitive dysfunctions related to prematurity].

Introduction: Little is understood about the effects of prematurity on long-term cognitive functioning. No detailed studies have been carried out in a Spanish population to investigate the cognitive performance of adolescents who were born preterm.

Aims: To utilise the Wechsler intelligence scales to examine the performance of a broad sample of adolescents who were born preterm, to describe the clinical significance of this performance and to analyse the discriminatory powers of the different subtests.

[Psychometric evaluation of the Brazelton Scale in a sample of Spanish newborns].

This study analyses the data obtained from a sample of 220 healthy full-term neonates evaluated with the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, NBAS, 3rd edition. Standard scores were obtained for each of the 35 behavioral items and analysis of the main components of all the clusters was performed. Similarly to the original scale, the five following factors were obtained: Autonomic and Motor Systems, Habituation, State Organization, State Regulation, and Social Interactive.

Behavioral gender differences in the neonatal period according to the Brazelton scale.

The aim of the present study was to analyze gender differences in neonatal behavior. A sample of 188 healthy full-term newborns (88 boys and 100 girls) was assessed. The behavioral evaluations were performed using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), when the infants were between 48 and 80 hours old.

[A neuropsychological study of triplets with a history of prematurity].

Introduction And Aims: Prematurity has often been associated with a general intellectual deficit and with different structural brain disorders which can be revealed by volumetric measurements performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In turn, perinatal asphyxia, even when it is not accompanied by neurological disorders, is related to a deficit in specific neuropsychological functions.

Case Report: This study describes the case of three 13 year old female triplets, with a history of extreme prematurity and perinatal asphyxia, the long term effects of which are evaluated in terms of cognitive performance.

Residual hippocampal atrophy in asphyxiated term neonates.

Background And Purpose: Previous studies have shown the hippocampus and basal ganglia to be highly sensitive to hypoxic-ischemic insult. The authors' aim was to evaluate the long-term effects of perinatal asphyxia (PA) on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus in a group of participants born at term and who met the criteria for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Additionally, the authors looked for damage in other brain regions using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

[Neonatal morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants according to exposure to chorioamnionitis].

Objectives: To study differences in the incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality among newborns weighing less than 1,500 g according to exposure to chorioamnionitis (CA).

Patients And Methods: A case-control study of 135 newborns weighing less than 1,500 g at birth and born between 1988 and 1998 was performed. The case group was composed of 45 newborns exposed to clinical or subclinical levels of maternal CA.

[Hyperbilirubinemia in full-term newborns. Predictive factors].

Objective: Nowadays economical criteria lead to early maternal hospital discharge, even before 48 hours after labor, producing an increase in neonatal readmissions for hyperbilirubinemia. We tried to predict the healthy term newborns that may develop a significant hyperbilirubinemia (> or = 17 mg/dl in the first 4 days of life).

Methods: Bilirubin in umbilical cord blood, transcutaneous measurements of bilirubin at 24, 48 and between 60 and 96 hours of life and bilirubin in blood obtained from heel-sticks at 96 hours was analyzed in 610 newborns.

[The effects of acute fetal distress on neonatal behavior measured by the Brazelton scale].

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fetal distress associated with metabolic acidosis (pH < 7.15 and BE < -8 in blood samples from umbilical artery) in neonatal behavior.

Patients And Methods: Infants were evaluated with the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) on the third day of life (60-84 hours) in the Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Spain.

[Alcoholic embryofetopathy. Neonatal case reports for the past twelve years].

Objective: Alcohol embryopathy represents an important pediatric and obstetric problem, not only for the high risk of adverse effects on the neurodevelopment of the fetus and child, but for the imperative need for detecting and preventing alcohol consumption during pregnancy. In this study the clinical manifestations of newborns with maternal antecedents of alcohol consumption are reviewed.

Patients And Methods: Our experience from 1985 to 1996 with all newborns diagnosed as "children of an alcoholic mother, without associated clinical findings or partial forms (fetal alcohol effect) or as "alcohol embryofetopathy (complete forms) is reviewed.