Electrokinetic flow instabilities in shear thinning fluids with conductivity gradients.

Instabilities in the form of periodic or irregular waves at the fluid interface have been demonstrated in microchannel electrokinetic flows with conductivity gradients when the applied electric field is above a threshold value. Most prior studies on electrokinetic instabilities (EKI) are restricted to Newtonian fluids though many of the chemical and biological samples in microfluidic applications exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics. We present in this work an experimental study of the effects of fluid shear thinning on the development of EKI waves through the addition of a small amount of xanthan gum (XG) polymer to both the high- and low-concentration Newtonian buffer solutions.

Psychiatric learning experiences in PGY1 pharmacy residency training: A 5-year analysis.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Dip coating of shear-thinning particulate suspensions.

Dip coating a planar substrate with a suspension of particles in a shear-thinning liquid will entrain particles in the liquid film, facilitating filtration and sorting of particles. Experiments were performed for both monodisperse and bidisperse particle suspensions of shear-thinning Xanthan Gum solutions. Particle entrainment occurs when the coating thickness at the stagnation point of the thin film flow is larger than the particle diameter.

Nonlinear Electrophoresis of Microparticles in Shear Thinning Fluids.

The nonlinear electric field dependence of particle electrophoresis has been demonstrated to occur in Newtonian fluids for highly charged particles under large electric fields. It has also been predicted to arise from the rheological effects of non-Newtonian fluids even at small electric fields. We present in this work an experimental verification of nonlinear electrophoresis in shear thinning xanthan gum solutions through a straight rectangular microchannel.

Association between exposure to antidepressants and stimulants and age at onset of mania or psychosis: A retrospective population-based cohort study.

This study investigated the impact of prior antidepressant and stimulant exposure on the age at onset (AAO) of first episode mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP). Patients with FEP and FEM born after 1985 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Duration and peak dose of antidepressant and stimulant exposure were quantified by review of the electronic health record.

An interdisciplinary intervention for detection of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants: A pilot study.

Introduction: Treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction (TESD) is a commonly reported side effect of antidepressant medications in clinical trials. Limited literature exists exploring the role of routine use of the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) in identification of TESD in clinical practice. Therefore, we completed a retrospective study with the primary goal of capturing the rates of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant use among adult patients at an outpatient encounter with a psychiatric clinical pharmacist between June 2020 and March 2022.

A high-throughput response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Four years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on the events that have occurred during that time and the knowledge that has been gained. The response to the pandemic was rapid and highly resourced; it was also built upon a foundation of decades of federally funded basic and applied research. Laboratories in government, pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit institutions all played roles in advancing pre-2020 discoveries to produce clinical treatments.

Targeting EMT using low-dose Teniposide by downregulating ZEB2-driven activation of RNA polymerase I in breast cancer.

Metastatic dissemination from the primary tumor is a complex process that requires crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding milieu and involves the interplay between numerous cellular-signaling programs. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains at the forefront of orchestrating a shift in numerous cellular programs, such as stemness, drug resistance, and apoptosis that allow for successful metastasis. Till date, there is limited success in therapeutically targeting EMT.

The occurrence of mental health symptoms in isotretinoin-treated adolescents.

Background: Isotretinoin treatment for acne can reduce adverse psychiatric outcomes in adults, but there has been little investigation of the incidence of psychiatric outcomes in treated adolescents.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project identified 606 patients aged 12-18 prescribed isotretinoin over a 10-year period between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017. Medical records were reviewed to identify psychiatric diagnoses before and during isotretinoin therapy, as well as psychiatric symptoms not captured by formal diagnoses and changes to isotretinoin dosing because of psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms.

Development of small-molecule Tau-SH3 interaction inhibitors that prevent amyloid-β toxicity and network hyperexcitability.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and lacks highly effective treatments. Tau-based therapies hold promise. Tau reduction prevents amyloid-β-induced dysfunction in preclinical models of AD and also prevents amyloid-β-independent dysfunction in diverse disease models, especially those with network hyperexcitability, suggesting that strategies exploiting the mechanisms underlying Tau reduction may extend beyond AD.

Transitioning From Points-Based Grading to a Modified Pass/Fail Grading Approach in a Simulated Patient Program.

Objective: To determine the impact of transitioning from points-based grading to a modified pass/fail grading approach in a simulated patient (SP) program on first year pharmacy (P1) student performance in a PharmD curriculum.

Methods: Course-level data from the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years were collected to assess the impact of transitioning to a modified pass/fail grading approach on P1 student performance. During the 2021-2022 academic year, points-based grading was used.

Racial differences in pathways to care preceding first episode mania or psychosis: a historical cohort prodromal study.

Background: There is evidence suggesting racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). The purpose of this study is to compare psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic use preceding a first episode of mania (FEM) or psychosis (FEP) in racially diverse patients.

Methods: Using a comprehensive medical records linkage system (Rochester Epidemiology Project, REP), we retrospectively identified individuals diagnosed with BD or SZ and a documented first episode of mania or psychosis.

Antecedents to first episode psychosis and mania: Comparing the initial prodromes of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in a retrospective population cohort.

Objective: We aim to compare the psychiatric antecedents of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we searched for residents of Olmsted County that had a diagnosis of SZ or BD. We confirmed each case using DSM-5 criteria and obtained the psychiatric antecedents.

Uncorrelated Lithium-Ion Hopping in a Dynamic Solvent-Anion Network.

Lithium batteries rely crucially on fast charge and mass transport of Li in the electrolyte. For liquid and polymer electrolytes with added lithium salts, Li couples to the counter-anion to form ionic clusters that produce inefficient Li transport and lead to Li dendrite formation. Quantification of Li transport in glycerol-salt electrolytes via NMR experiments and MD simulations reveals a surprising Li-hopping mechanism.

Psychotropic stewardship: Advancing patient care.

Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists (BCPPs) practice in a variety of inpatient and outpatient health care settings as part of collaborative, multidisciplinary teams. The American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP) has promoted the expansion of psychiatric pharmacy through the development of psychotropic stewardship programs (PSPs). Based on the standards developed during the creation and expansion of antimicrobial stewardship programs, psychotropic stewardship promotes the safe and appropriate use of psychotropic medications.

Triamterene Functions as an Effective Nonsense Suppression Agent for MPS I-H (Hurler Syndrome).

Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H) is caused by the loss of α-L-iduronidase, a lysosomal enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycans. Current therapies cannot treat many MPS I-H manifestations. In this study, triamterene, an FDA-approved, antihypertensive diuretic, was found to suppress translation termination at a nonsense mutation associated with MPS I-H.

Identification of Cytoprotective Small-Molecule Inducers of Heme-Oxygenase-1.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health concern with significant morbidity and mortality and no current treatments beyond supportive care and dialysis. Preclinical studies have suggested that heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of heme, has promise as a potential therapeutic target for AKI. Clinical trials involving HO-1 products (biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and iron), however, have not progressed beyond the Phase ½ level.

Oscillations of Drops with Mobile Contact Lines on the International Space Station: Elucidation of Terrestrial Inertial Droplet Spreading.

We analyze shape oscillations of sessile water drops with fully mobile contact lines (CL) aboard the International Space Station. The unique microgravity environment enables the study of centimeter-sized droplets with associated inertial-capillary motions. Plane-normal substrate vibrations induce resonance behaviors quantified by frequency scans from which the natural frequencies and mode shapes are identified for nine different hydrophobic surfaces.

To treat or not to treat? High-potency benzodiazepine use in a case of comorbid hallucinogen persisting perception disorder and alcohol use disorder.

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) is characterized by visual disturbances that resemble psychedelic intoxication and linger after use has ceased. The most common substances precipitating HPPD, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, are posited to do so via damage to serotonergic neurons involved in vision. Mr.