Shallow foundation design: a comparative study of partial safety factors and full probabilistic methods.

In the past two decades, Europe has witnessed a significant transition in the design codes used for assessing foundation structures, with the widespread adoption of the Eurocodes (EC). This shift remains a pertinent topic within the engineering community, particularly concerning the transition from traditional design methodologies to those prescribed by the Eurocodes, as well as the potential for fully probabilistic design. While the Eurocodes' methodology is described as probabilistic, it is crucial to recognize that the achievement of the target reliability level is predominantly facilitated through a system of partial safety factors.

Grouting below Subterranean Water: Erosional Stability Test.

The article is focused on the medium-term negative effect of groundwater on the underground grout elements. This is the physical-mechanical effect of groundwater, which is known as erosion. We conduct a laboratory verification of the erosional resistance of grout mixtures.

The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer chemotherapy. V. Alternative method for preparation of serum albumin-methotrexate derivative.

An alternative method for the preparation of human serum albumin-methotrexate derivative (HSA-MTX) using N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of methotrexate (MTX) was compared with that using the water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) assistance. The prepared derivative was tested to find the advantages and drawbacks of this method. The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester method is more laborious than that using WSC but some reasons speak in favor of this method.

The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer chemotherapy. IV. Therapy of murine melanoma B16 by human serum albumin-methotrexate derivative.

The influence of methotrexate bound to human serum albumin (HSA-MTX) and of free methotrexate (MTX) on B16 melanoma growth, dissemination and survival time of tumor-bearing animals was investigated. It was found that the growth of tumor was slower after therapy with the HSA-MTX derivative than after free MTX treatment. The reduction in tumor size recorded on day 21 after tumor transplantation was more significantly pronounced after HSA-MTX derivative therapy than in case of free MTX treatment.

The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer chemotherapy. III. Human serum albumin-methotrexate derivative, its preparation and basic testing.

The preparation and a more detailed characterization of human serum albumin-methotrexate derivative (HSA-MTX) is described. The synthesis of the derivative was performed by means of 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (in methoiodide form) (WSC). Results of many experiments showed that, on the average, about 26 molecules of methotrexate (MTX) were coupled to one molecule of human serum albumin (HSA).

Changes in metabolism, food and water intake of C3H mice following transplantation of Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG).

Mice bearing progressing Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) increasingly gained in weight in the course of LSG development but their food and water consumption was reduced in comparison with control animals. During the neoplastic growth, oxygen consumption was decreased and the proportion of the metabolically active part (i.e.

The use of protein as a carrier of methotrexate for experimental cancer chemotherapy. II. Chemotherapy of Gardner lymphosarcoma with pea seed lectin-methotrexate derivative.

It was demonstrated that the tumorigenicity of tumor cells preincubated in low concentration of free methotrexate (MTX) has not been changed. On the other hand the preincubation of these cells with pea seed lectin (PL), MTX and PL mixture and especially pea seed lectin-methotrexate derivative (PL-MTX) influenced markedly the tumor cells tumorigenicity. The chemotherapy of Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) bearing mice with PL-MTX derivative was performed.

Immunogenicity of the Gardner lymphosarcoma for the mice of the strain C3H (H-2k). II. Alteration of the growth and dissemination of solid Gardner lymphosarcoma following immunization by an extract of the ascitic tumor.

Aqueous 1-butanol extracts were prepared from the ascites form of Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) maintained in C3H (H-2k) mice and from the solid Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCa) transplanted in B6 mice. C3H mice primed at least two times with cell surface antigens extracted from Gardner tumor cells (LSG-extract) lived longer than untreated controls if challenged with the solid Gardner lymphosarcoma cells. Tumors growing in immunized C3H mice differed from those growing in controls by shape, necrotization and inhibition of dissemination.

Immunogenicity of the Gardner lymphosarcoma for the mice of the strain C3H (H-2k). I. The effect of the 60Co-irradiation of recipients and of the interval between the immunization and transplantation of the tumor on the antitumor resistance of immunized mice.

The C3H (H-2k) mice were immunized by 60Co-irradiation-inactivated Gardner lymphosarcoma (LSG) cells. The degree of resistance of mice with transplanted tumors was determined by difference in survival curves of the immunized and nonimmunized mice. When the tumor was transplanted during 26 weeks after the last of the three immunizing injections the mean survival time of immunized mice was always prolonged over that of nonpretreated controls.

Thyroid hormones in rats during long-term cold exposure and hypometabolic effect of reverse triiodothyronine on adrenaline induced thermogenesis.

One-day cold exposure to 5 degrees C induced temporal increase of reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in the blood of rats (by 151%, 91% and 107%, respectively). The levels of all thyroid hormones remain elevated for at least 10 days of cold exposure. The injection of rT3 (330 micrograms kg-1 s.

Treatment of C3H mice bearing solid Gardner lymphosarcoma with vaccine prepared from Corynebacterium parvum combined with methotrexate and Alexan.

C3H mice after transplantation of solid Gardner lymphosarcoma were injected with Methotrexate (MTX) or Alexan. The prolonged survival time of mice treated with antimetabolites was in some cases evidently reduced after an additional injection of Corynebacterium parvum (C.p.

Effect of vaccine prepared from Corynebacterium parvum on the growth of Gardner lymphosarcoma in C3H strain mice.

The present paper discusses the effect of a vaccine prepared with formol-killed Corynebacterium parvum (alias Propionibacterium acnes) on the growth of solid Gardner lymphosarcoma transplanted on C3H (H-2k) mice. The vaccine was injected at various time intervals prior to, simultaneously with, or following transplantation of the tumor to intact mice or mice immunized with 60Co-irradiated Gardner tumor cells. The effectivity was evaluated in terms of numbers of mice surviving without tumor 60-day observation period or prolongation of survival time.