Aminoglycoside prescription: compliance with national guidelines in a pediatric hospital.

Objective: Our study aimed to describe the use of aminoglycosides (AGs) in the pediatric population in acute settings and to assess its compliance with the most recent national recommendations.

Methods: A single-center retrospective study conducted over a 5-month period. Pediatric patients who received at least one dose of AGs in emergency or intensive care unit were included.

Endogenous endophthalmitis as a severe complication following a Streptococcus pyogenes infection.

The diagnosis of endogenous endophthalmitis is challenging. We report a pediatric case of endogenous endophthalmitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes angina. A previously healthy 33-month-old child presented to the emergency department with a history of fever and fatigue related to bacterial angina.

Clinical, functional and genetic characterization of 16 patients suffering from chronic granulomatous disease variants - identification of 11 novel mutations in CYBB.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The most common form is the X-linked CGD (X91-CGD), caused by mutations in the CYBB gene. Clinical, functional and genetic characterizations of 16 CGD cases of male patients and their relatives were performed.

Splenic infarction associated with transient anti-prothrombin antibodies is a rare manifestation of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

We report the first paediatric case of splenic infarction following acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with induction of anti-prothrombin (aPT) antibodies. A 12-year-old boy was admitted to the paediatric emergency department for a left pleuropneumonia and a splenic infarction. aPT antibodies were transitorily detected.

Neonatal fever: A puzzling case.

Toxoplasmosis is a potentially serious fetal infection associated with maternal seroconversion of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. Follow-up and treatment vary between different countries. We present a case of congenital toxoplasmosis with unusual physiopathology and symptomatology.

[Acute epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae b: A severe consequence of increased skepticism about vaccination].

Acute epiglottis is a life-threatening disease in relation with the occurrence of an acute upper airway obstruction. Its incidence has fallen dramatically since the widespread introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine. We report the case of a 26-month-old child who was not fully immunized and presented acute upper airway respiratory distress with fever.

[Bacillus Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis. A case report in a former preterm baby].

Postvaccination osteo-articular mycobacterial infectious disease is a rare and potentially serious complication after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. We report on a case of a former preterm baby born at 30 weeks of gestation who was vaccinated with BCG Copenhagen strain at 2 months of age. He presented 6 months later with a painful limp, which was found to be a mono-articular osteitis of the right ankle.

[Extensive swelling reaction after a pentavalent vaccination].

Injection site reactions (ISRs) are quite common side effects defined by a local adverse drug reaction directly caused by a vaccine. Twenty-four hours after an intramuscular injection (in the deltoid muscle) of the diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactivated poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenza type b (DTPCa-Hib) combined vaccine, a 3-year-old boy developed fever. A few hours later, local redness and swelling appeared at the injection site, with rapid extension to the entire limb, it was pain-free, and no other clinical anomalies were present.

Amitriptyline poisoning of a baby: how informative can hair analysis be?

We reported a case of a 6-month-old baby girl who was hospitalized in the pediatric emergency for central nervous system disorders then coma. Toxicology analysis showed the presence of amitriptyline (AMI) and its metabolite nortriptyline (NOR) in blood and urine of the baby. Additional investigations suggested a shaken baby syndrome.

Assessment of the IgA immunosorbent agglutination assay for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis on a series of 145 toxoplasmic seroconversions.

A retrospective analysis of 145 medical records from our teaching hospital laboratory showed an overall specificity of greater than 97% for the IgA immunosorbent agglutination assay (ISAGA A) performed on the sera of babies to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). These actualized data emphasize the ability of this test to confirm a diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Invasive pneumococcal disease in children can reveal a primary immunodeficiency.

Background: About 10% of pediatric patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) die from the disease. Some primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are known to confer predisposition to IPD. However, a systematic search for these PIDs has never been carried out in children presenting with IPD.

[YEL-AND meningoencephalitis in a 4-year-old boy consecutive to a yellow-fever vaccine].

Yellow fever is a vector-borne disease transmitted by an endemic mosquito in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. It causes fever and possibly liver and renal failure with hemorrhagic signs, which may be fatal. The yellow-fever vaccine is an attenuated vaccine that is recommended for all travelers over the age of 9 months in high-risk areas.

[Unusual presentation of a severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: report of 2 cases].

Mycoplasma pneumonia is responsible for multisystemic infection. Pulmonary symptoms are most common in children. We describe herein two unusual severe forms of M.

[A child with sepsis-associated encephalopathy].

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction due to a systemic response to infection. We report the case of a 4-year-old girl with fever and vomiting for 48h, brought to the university hospital of Grenoble because of vigilance disorders, loss of verbal fluency, and a cerebellar syndrome. She had a biological infectious syndrome.

[Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: a case report of disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium].

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare genetic syndrome that predisposes patients to infections caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and nontuberculous environmental mycobacteria in children free of classical immunodeficiencies. This syndrome consists of impaired antimycobacterial immunity (axis IL12/INF-γ) constituting a new immune deficiency and outlining its major role in mycobacterial immunity. We report a new case of MSMD through the observation of a young girl with a disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium.

Clinical, functional and genetic analysis of twenty-four patients with chronic granulomatous disease - identification of eight novel mutations in CYBB and NCF2 genes.

Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack a functional NADPH oxidase and cannot produce superoxide anions. The most common form is caused by mutations in CYBB encoding gp91phox. We investigated 24 CGD patients and their families.

[Sickle cell disease and invasive osteoarticular Salmonella infections].

Non-typhi Salmonella are responsible for severe invasive infections in children with sickle cell disease, with osteoarticular locations that can affect short- and long-term outcomes. We describe the cases of 2 children with sickle cell disease who presented paucisymptomatic Salmonella osteoarticular infections on returning from North Africa. Progression was favorable in both cases after appropriate systemic antibiotic therapy, although one Salmonella was multidrug-resistant.

Age-dependent Mendelian predisposition to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis in childhood.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that predisposition to childhood herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 encephalitis (HSE) may be determined in part by human genetic factors.

Study Design: A genetic epidemiologic survey of childhood HSE (onset at age 3 months to 15 years) over a 20-year period (1985-2004) was conducted throughout France (comprising 29 university hospital neuropediatric centers). A total of 85 children fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for inclusion.

Retrospective French nationwide survey of childhood aggressive vascular anomalies of bone, 1988-2009.

Objective: To document the epidemiological, clinical, histological and radiological characteristics of aggressive vascular abnormalities of bone in children.

Study Design: Correspondents of the French Society of Childhood Malignancies were asked to notify all cases of aggressive vascular abnormalities of bone diagnosed between January 1988 and September 2009.

Results: 21 cases were identified; 62% of the patients were boys.

Value of Toxoplasma gondii detection in one hundred thirty-three placentas for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

The placenta examination by polymerase chain reaction and mouse inoculation increased the sensitivity of the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis at birth from 60% (use of serologic techniques on the newborn's blood only) to 75% (both serologic techniques and placental analysis). The specificity of Toxoplasma gondii detection in the placenta was 94.7%.

Characterization of six novel mutations in the CYBB gene leading to different sub-types of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.

Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack a functional NADPH oxidase and so cannot generate superoxide anions (O(2) (-)). The most common form is caused by mutations in CYBB encoding gp91 phox, the heavy chain of flavocytochrome b(558) (XCGD). We investigated 11 male patients and their families suspected of suffering from X-linked CGD.

Usefulness of Western blot in serological follow-up of newborns suspected of congenital toxoplasmosis.

The goal of the study reported here was to compare the results of Western blot with other serological methods for testing newborns suspected of having congenital toxoplasmosis. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin (Ig)M immunosorbent agglutination assay, and indirect immunofluorescence assay were performed on the sera of 126 neonates collected at birth and at 1 and 3 months of life. Western blot was more sensitive than IgM detection with the immunosorbent agglutination assay (82.

[Congenital toxoplasmosis: prevention in the pregnant woman and management of the neonate].

The management of a pregnant women or a child infected by Toxoplasma gondii rests on the screening of pregnant women at risk of infection. Treatment is prescribed if an infection occurs. A prenatal diagnosis (detection of T.

[Acute Salmonella typhi meningitis in a 25-day-old newborn infant complicated by obstruction of the sylvian artery].

Unlabelled: Acute Salmonella typhi meningitis is rare in neonates, mostly reported from developing countries with poor socioeconomic conditions.

Case Report: A male Caucasian newborn presented with acute Salmonella typhi meningitis at the age of 25 days. His parents had traveled across several African countries under rudimentary hygienic conditions a few months before his birth.

[The pediatrician and hepatitis C virus].

The recognition that hepatitis C virus can be transmitted perinatally or through blood transfusions warrants particular attention by the pediatrician. This paper highlights the epidemiology, diagnosis, natural history and management of hepatitis C in infants and children.