Kinetics of Antibody Response to Repeated Vaccination with Sputnik V: A Pilot Study with a Series of Five Cases.

Objectives: Widespread vaccination is considered as one of the best methods in combating any pandemic including COVID-19. Gam-COVID-Vac also known as Sputnik V, is one of the first vaccines that was registered in 74 countries and received an emergency approval for immunization. Monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time is essential for evaluation of post-vaccination humoral immune response.

Clinical Importance of Low Level of PAPP-A in First Trimester of Pregnancy - An Obstetrical Dilemma in Chromosomally Normal Fetus.

Background: A variety of recent evidence exists about the clinical implication of low level of Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in pregnancy. This glycoprotein is a protease, which releases the Insulin-like growth factor from IGFBP 4. Its role is a trophoblastic invasion of decidua, stimulation of cell mitosis and differentiation.