Re-evaluation of PTEN as an ADP-ribosylated tankyrase binding partner.

Tankyrases establish an intricate network of protein interactions through their ankyrin repeat cluster domains (ARCs), which bind protein partners containing a characteristic peptide defined as a tankyrase-binding motif (TBM). Once the protein complex has been formed, the proteins bound to ARCs can either undergo ADP-ribosylation by tankyrases or stay unmodified. In the past years, this web of tankyrase-centered interactions has grown as new partners have been discovered.

Substitutions at the C-8 position of quinazolin-4-ones improve the potency of nicotinamide site binding tankyrase inhibitors.

Human diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases, PARPs and tankyrases, transfer ADP-ribosyl groups to other macromolecules, thereby controlling various signaling events in cells. They are considered promising drug targets, especially in oncology, and a vast number of inhibitors have already been successfully developed. These inhibitors typically occupy the nicotinamide binding site and extend along the NAD binding groove of the catalytic domain.

Association between clinical factors and the choice of palliative care setting among cancer patients: A post-hoc analysis of a cohort study.

Introduction: In the literature, the data about the factors related to the choice of the setting at patient's first palliative care admission visit are scanty. In fact it seems that the choice between home or hospice care is mainly based on the opinions and needs of patients, families and physicians. This study aims to address the association between the clinical factors detected at the first palliative visit in advanced cancer patients and the choice of palliative care setting (i.

Adherence to ESMO guidelines on cancer pain management and their applicability to specialist palliative care centers: An observational, prospective, and multicenter study.

Introduction: Pain management in late-stage cancer patients is a complex clinical problem. The historical guidelines were from the World Health Organization (WHO). Recently, ESMO produced guidelines consistent with 52 recommendations applicable to the entire period of disease since the pain appears.

Exposure to second-hand smoke and breast cancer risk in non-smoking women: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Through the use of an innovative method to identify original publications, we conducted a meta-analysis of all epidemiological studies evaluating the association between second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and breast cancer risk among female non-smokers published in English up to October 2022. Pooled relative risks (RR) were obtained through the use of random-effects models. Dose-response relationships were derived using log-linear functions.

Pain, symptoms and therapy satisfaction in adult oncologic patients at admission to palliative care: An Italian prospective, multicenter, observational study.

Background: Pain in cancer patients is a complex clinical problem. Pain is systematically assessed and treated during palliative care, but little is known about how it is addressed before starting palliative care.

Aim: This study primarily analyzed pain, symptoms, ongoing therapy at patients' admittance to the palliative care unit, and the relationships between pain and tumor, comorbidities, performance status and quality of life (QoL).

Fruits and vegetables intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis from 11 case-control studies in the BLadder cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) consortium.

Purpose: High consumption of fruits and vegetables decrease the risk of bladder cancer (BC). The evidence of specific fruits and vegetables and the BC risk is still limited.

Methods: Fruit and vegetable consumptions in relation to BC risk was examined by pooling individual participant data from case-control studies.

Corrigendum: Time-Trends in Air Pollution Impact on Health in Italy, 1990-2019: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.

Temporal and spatial patterns in the prescriptions of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Results from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register.

Background: The therapeutic scenario in multiple sclerosis (MS) has evolved over recent years with the progressive introduction of new drugs focused to better balance efficacy, safety and management requirements. The objective of this study was to examine the prescribing patterns of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) over time and across different geographic areas, and the latency between disease onset, first Register center visit, disease diagnosis, and the start of treatment in a large cohort of persons with MS from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register.

Methods: Up to 2022, the Register collected data from 124 centers on more than 78,000 persons, of whom 56,872 received at least one DMT prescription.

Low-Dose Aspirin and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: Evidence From a Nationwide Registry-Based Cohort in Norway.

Introduction: To examine the association between low-dose aspirin use and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: In this nationwide cohort study, we identified individuals aged 50 years or older residing for 6 months or more in Norway in 2004-2018 and obtained data from national registers on drug prescriptions, cancer occurrence, and sociodemographic factors. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between low-dose aspirin use and CRC risk.

Dose-response association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aims at providing an accurate and up-to-date quantification of the dose-response association between cigarette smoking and gastric cancer (GC) risk, overall and by subsite. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies on the association between cigarette smoking and GC risk published up to January 2023. We estimated pooled relative risks (RR) of GC and its subsites according to smoking status, intensity, duration, and time since quitting.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Abnormalities of Clinical EEG: A Qualitative Review.

Over the last decade, the comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy has been widely demonstrated, and many hypotheses regarding the common neurobiological bases of these disorders have been put forward. A variable, but significant, prevalence of abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG) has been documented in non-epileptic children with ASD; therefore, several scientific studies have recently tried to demonstrate the role of these abnormalities as a possible biomarker of altered neural connectivity in ASD individuals. This narrative review intends to summarize the main findings of the recent scientific literature regarding abnormalities detected with standard EEG in children/adolescents with idiopathic ASD.

Genomic instability analysis in DNA from Papanicolaou test provides proof-of-principle early diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Late diagnosis and the lack of screening methods for early detection define high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) as the gynecological malignancy with the highest mortality rate. In the work presented here, we investigated a retrospective and multicentric cohort of 250 archival Papanicolaou (Pap) test smears collected during routine gynecological screening. Samples were taken at different time points (from 1 month to 13.

Diagnosis of sepsis in the emergency department: a real-world analysis from Lombardy, Italy.

Early identification of sepsis is particularly important in the emergency department (ED). However, data on the diagnosis of sepsis in the ED are scanty, especially within the Italian context. To quantify sepsis incidence and recognition in the ED from Lombardy, Italy, we used EUOL data from the Regional Emergency Agency for the years 2017-2022.

Who are the superheroes? A cross-sectional study on the determinants of good health among Italian older adults.

Background: People who reach old age enjoying good physical and mental health can be defined as (health) "superheroes", given their relatively low impact on healthcare expenditure and the desirable model they represent.

Aim: To evaluate prevalence and possible determinants of being "physical superheroes" (i.e.

Meta-Analysis of Rates and Risk Factors for Local Recurrence in Surgically Resected Patients With NSCLC and Differences Between Asian and Non-Asian Populations.

Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) reduces local failure in patients with NSCLC, without a clear overall survival benefit. It is unknown whether the subsets of patients benefit. Two recent large randomized controlled trials, PORT-C (People's Republic of China) and Lung ART (Europe), reported widely different locoregional recurrence (LR) rates in the control arms, at 18.

Finding predictors for successful opioid response in cancer patients: An analysis of data from four randomized controlled trials.

Context: There is no consensus on which "strong" (or step 3 WHO analgesic ladder) opioid to prescribe to a particular patient with cancer-related pain. A better understanding of opioid and patient characteristics on treatment response will contribute to a more personalized opioid treatment.

Objectives: Assessment of potential predictors for successful opioid treatment response in patients with cancer pain.

Development and external validation of a predictive multivariable model for last-weeks survival of advanced cancer patients in the palliative home care setting (PACS).

Purpose: Various prognostic indexes have been proposed to improve physicians' ability to predict survival time in advanced cancer patients, admitted to palliative care (PC) with a survival probably to a few weeks of life, but no optimal score has been identified. The study aims therefore to develop and externally validate a new multivariable predictive model in this setting.

Methods: We developed a model to predict short-term overall survival in cancer patients on the basis of clinical factors collected at PC admission.

Multicentric, observational, longitudinal study for the evaluation of nutritional management implications in newly diagnosed Italian cancer patients: the Italian Registry of Malnutrition in Oncology (IRMO).

Background: Malnutrition is a frequent problem in oncology and is associated with reduced response to cancer treatments, increased drug-related toxicity, higher rates of clinical complications, reduced quality of life (QoL) and worse prognosis. Guidelines on clinical nutrition in oncology emphasise the usefulness of early assessment of nutritional status for a prompt identification of malnutrition and the implementation of effective interventions, but no real-world clinical data are available on the adequate management of nutritional support in patients with cancer in Italy.

Methods And Analysis: This is an observational, longitudinal, multicentre registry of patients with a new diagnosis of cancer or metastatic disease, candidates for active treatment.

Cannabis use in repeated representative cross-sectional studies on Italian adults after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 yielded dramatic changes in drug consumption. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 6003 Italian adults (18-74 years) in April-May 2020 - reporting information before lockdown and at the time of interview - and two years later (i.e.

Time-Trends in Air Pollution Impact on Health in Italy, 1990-2019: An Analysis From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

We explored temporal variations in disease burden of ambient particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM) and ozone in Italy using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We compared temporal changes and percent variations (95% Uncertainty Intervals [95% UI]) in rates of disability adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years lived with disability and mortality from 1990 to 2019, and variations in pollutant-attributable burden with those in the overall burden of each PM- and ozone-related disease.

Dose-response Relationships Between Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: The possible association between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk has been quite controversial.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available observational studies published on the issue up to January 2020. Random-effects models were used to compute pooled relative risks (RRs) for cigarette smoking status and dose-risk relationships were evaluated using one-stage random-effects dose-response models.

The Association of Tobacco Smoking, Second-hand Smoke, and Novel Tobacco Products With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Italy: Results From the COSMO-IT Study.

Background: Despite the robust evidence of an excess risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality in ever smokers, the debate on the role of current and ex-smokers on COVID-19 progression remains open. Limited or no data are available on the link between electronic cigarette (e-cigarette), heated tobacco product (HTP) and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure and COVID-19 progression. To fill this knowledge gap, we undertook the COvid19 and SMOking in ITaly (COSMO-IT) study.