Pancreatic proteome profiling of type 1 diabetic mouse: Differential expression of proteins involved in exocrine function, stress response, growth, apoptosis and metabolism.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the pancreatic β-cells fail to produce insulin. In addition to such change in the endocrine function, the exocrine function of the pancreas is altered as well. To understand the molecular basis of the changes in both endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions due to T1D, the proteome profile of the pancreas of control and diabetic mouse was compared using two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE) and the differentially expressed proteins identified by electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS/MS).

Heat Killed Attenuated Leishmania Induces Apoptosis of HepG2 Cells Through ROS Mediated p53 Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway.

Background/aims: Cytotoxic effect of attenuated Leishmania on liver cancer cells by inducing ROS generation.

Methods: Spectrophotometric study to analyze cell death and levels of different active caspases. Flow cytometric study was done to analyze apoptosis induction and ROS generation and levels of different protein.

Coronary Artery Calcium as an Independent Surrogate Marker in the Risk Assessment of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and an Intermediate Pretest Likelihood for Coronary Artery Disease Admitted to a German Chest Pain Unit.

Background: About 10% of patients admitted to a chest pain unit (CPU) exhibit atrial fibrillation (AF).

Hypothesis: To determine whether calcium scores (CS) are superior over common risk scores for coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients presenting with atypical chest pain, newly diagnosed AF, and intermediate pretest probability for CAD within the CPU.

Methods: In 73 subjects, CS was related to the following risk scores: Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, including a new model of a frequency-normalized approach; Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction score; European Society of Cardiology Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE); Framingham risk score; and Prospective Cardiovascular Münster Study score.

How rapid is rapid? Exemplary results of real-life rapid rule-out troponin timing in troponin-positive acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation in two contrasting German chest pain unit facilities.

Aim: To analyse the timing of cardiac troponin (cTn) measurements in high-risk and cTn-positive acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) in two structurally different German chest pain units (CPUs), contrasting an urban university maximum care and a rural regional primary care facility.

Methods: All patients encoded as NSTEMI during the year 2013 were retrospectively enrolled in two centres: site (I)--centre of maximum care in an urban university setting and site (II)--centre of primary care in a rural regional care setting. Data acquisition included time intervals from admission to baseline cTn and first and second cTn control as well as type and timing of invasive management.

Ischemic Left Ventricular Perforation Covered by a Thrombus in a Patient Presenting with Cerebral Ischemia: Importance of Time-Sensitive Performance and Adequate Interpretation of Bedside Transthoracic Echography.

If myocardial infarction remains silent, only clinical signs of complications may unveil its presence. Life-threatening complications include myocardial rupture, thrombus formation, or arterial embolization. In the presented case, a 76-year-old patient was admitted with left-sided hemiparesis.

A clinicopathological study of mediastinal masses operated in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India in 3 years with special reference to thymoma.

Introduction: The mediastinum is the central portion of the thoracic cavity, limited by pleural cavities laterally, thoracic inlet superiorly, and the diaphragm inferiorly. Housing numerous organs, it is a veritable Pandora's box, within which various lesions may develop. This study was conducted to assess the epidemiologic profile, clinicoradiological features, cytological, and histopathological findings in patients presenting with mediastinal masses in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 years.

Plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV patients: Experience at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) variant specifically associated with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), expresses well-differentiated plasma cell markers like CD138, bright CD38, and MUM1; but not conventional B-cell markers. It occurs at unusual sites like oral cavity and orbit, and has poor survival rates.

Aims: This study serves as a review of a clinical experience with six HIV patients with PBL and observes the spectrum of clinical presentations, histopathologies, and 1-year outcomes in PBL patients.

Attenuated Leishmania induce pro-inflammatory mediators and influence leishmanicidal activity by p38 MAPK dependent phagosome maturation in Leishmania donovani co-infected macrophages.

Promastigote form of Leishmania, an intracellular pathogen, delays phagosome maturation and resides inside macrophages. But till date limited study has been done to manipulate the phagosomal machinery of macrophages to restrict Leishmania growth. Attenuated Leishmania strain exposed RAW 264.

Epidemiology of moderate-to-severe injury patterns observed in rollover crashes.

Background: Previous epidemiological studies have highlighted the high risk of injury to the head, thorax, and cervical spine in rollover crashes. However, such results provide limited information on whole-body injury distribution and multiple region injury patterns necessary for the improvement and prioritization of rollover-focused injury countermeasures.

Methods: Sampled cases representing approximately 133,000 U.

Carcinosarcoma of ovary with its various immunohistochemical expression: Report of a rare case.

Ovarian carcinosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor with an incidence of <2%. A report of such a rare case in a 40-year-old multiparous woman is being presented here. The patient complained of abdominal pain and distension.

Immune Response to Double Dose Hepatitis-B Vaccine using Four Dose Schedule in HIV Infected Children.

Objective: To assess the immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in HIV infected children using 4 double dose schedule administered at 0-1-2-6 mo.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, 40 HIV infected children were vaccinated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine (20 mcg, 1 ml IM at anterolateral aspect of thigh of recombinant DNA vaccine) at 0-1-2-6 mo. Anti-HBsAb titre were assessed 4-8 wk after the last dose.

Enantioselective Catalysts for the Synthesis of α-Substituted Allylboronates--An Accelerated Approach towards Isomerically Pure Homoallylic Alcohols.

The use of a convenient protecting group for boronates allows a selective, catalyzed S(N)2' reaction to generate allylboronates which are applied for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure homoallylic alcohols. Depending on the configuration of both catalyst and the protecting group any of the four possible stereoisomers can be formed. The rationale behind the selective addition is supported by density functional theory calculations.

The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013.

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors study used the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) to quantify the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. This paper provides an overview of injury estimates from the 2013 update of GBD, with detailed information on incidence, mortality, DALYs and rates of change from 1990 to 2013 for 26 causes of injury, globally, by region and by country.

Methods: Injury mortality was estimated using the extensive GBD mortality database, corrections for ill-defined cause of death and the cause of death ensemble modelling tool.

Cyclic Cationic Peptides Containing Sugar Amino Acids Selectively Distinguishes and Inhibits Maturation of Pre-miRNAs of the Same Family.

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has added a new dimension to the gene regulatory networks, making aberrantly expressed miRNAs as therapeutically important targets. Small molecules that can selectively target and modulate miRNA levels can thus serve as lead structures. Cationic cyclic peptides containing sugar amino acids represent a new class of small molecules that can target miRNA selectively.

Spectrometry of the Earth using Neutrino Oscillations.

The unknown constituents of the interior of our home planet have provoked the human imagination and driven scientific exploration. We herein demonstrate that large neutrino detectors could be used in the near future to significantly improve our understanding of the Earth's inner chemical composition. Neutrinos, which are naturally produced in the atmosphere, traverse the Earth and undergo oscillations that depend on the Earth's electron density.

Comparative Analysis of Tat-Dependent and Tat-Deficient Natural Lentiviruses.

The emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in infected humans has resulted in a global pandemic that has killed millions. HIV-1 and HIV-2 belong to the lentivirus genus of the family. This genus also includes viruses that infect other vertebrate animals, among them caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV), the prototypes of a heterogeneous group of viruses known as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), affecting both goat and sheep worldwide.

Guideline-conforming timing of invasive management in troponin-positive or high-risk ACS without persistent ST-segment elevation in German chest pain units. Urban university maximum care vs. rural regional primary care.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze guideline adherence in the timing of invasive management for myocardial infarction without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) in two exemplary German centers, comparing an urban university maximum care facility and a rural regional primary care facility.

Methods: All patients diagnosed as having NSTEMI during 2013 were retrospectively enrolled in two centers: (1) site I, a maximum care center in an urban university setting, and (b) site II, a primary care center in a rural regional care setting. Data acquisition included time intervals from admission to invasive management, risk criteria, rate of intervention, and medical therapy.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube.

Results from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory have recently provided compelling evidence for the existence of a high energy astrophysical neutrino flux utilizing a dominantly Southern Hemisphere data set consisting primarily of ν(e) and ν(τ) charged-current and neutral-current (cascade) neutrino interactions. In the analysis presented here, a data sample of approximately 35,000 muon neutrinos from the Northern sky is extracted from data taken during 659.5 days of live time recorded between May 2010 and May 2012.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development.

Analysis of crash parameters and driver characteristics associated with lower limb injury.

This study aims to investigate changes in frequency, risk, and patterns of lower limb injuries due to vehicle and occupant parameters as a function of vehicle model year. From the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System, 10,988 observations were sampled and analyzed, representing 4.7 million belted drivers involved in frontal crashes for the years 1998-2010.

Paradoxical effects of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activator gingerol on NG115-401L neuronal cells: failure to augment ER Ca(2+) uptake and protect against ER stress-induced cell death.

Perturbation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER stress are thought to underlie a spectrum of defects encompassing major societal diseases such as diabetes and neurodegeneration. In this report we used the NG115-401L neuronal cell line to test the hypothesis that neuroprotection against ER stress may be conferred by pharmacological stimulation of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pumps. We report that the SERCA activator gingerol stimulates SR microsomal Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and restores enzymatic function in the presence of potent SERCA blockers.

Management of infected nonunion of the long bones by a multidisciplinary team.

Infected nonunion of a long bone continues to present difficulties in management. In addition to treating the infection, it is necessary to establish bony stability, encourage fracture union and reconstruct the soft-tissue envelope. We present a series of 67 infected nonunions of a long bone in 66 patients treated in a multidisciplinary unit.

Development of a general analysis and unfolding scheme and its application to measure the energy spectrum of atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube: IceCube Collaboration.

We present the development and application of a generic analysis scheme for the measurement of neutrino spectra with the IceCube detector. This scheme is based on regularized unfolding, preceded by an event selection which uses a Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm to select the relevant variables and a random forest for the classification of events. The analysis has been developed using IceCube data from the 59-string configuration of the detector.

Flavor Ratio of Astrophysical Neutrinos above 35 TeV in IceCube.

A diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos above 100 TeV has been observed at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Here we extend this analysis to probe the astrophysical flux down to 35 TeV and analyze its flavor composition by classifying events as showers or tracks. Taking advantage of lower atmospheric backgrounds for showerlike events, we obtain a shower-biased sample containing 129 showers and 8 tracks collected in three years from 2010 to 2013.